Woordenschat voor IELTS Academic (Score 8-9) - Geology

Hier leert u enkele Engelse woorden die verband houden met geologie en die nodig zijn voor het Academisch IELTS-examen.

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plate

[zelfstandig naamwoord]

a large, rigid section of the Earth's lithosphere that moves, leading to geological activity like earthquakes and volcanic eruptions

plaat, tektonische plaat

Ex: The movement of the Nazca Plate beneath the South American Plate leads to the formation of the Andes and volcanic activity.

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tectonics

[zelfstandig naamwoord]

the scientific study of the Earth's lithosphere and the processes that shape its structure, including the movement of tectonic plates, earthquakes, and volcanic activity

tectonica, plaattektoniek

Ex: Tectonics is a multidisciplinary science that integrates geophysics , geology , and geochemistry to unravel the complexities of Earth 's lithospheric processes .

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fissure

[zelfstandig naamwoord]

(in geology) a narrow break or crack that partially divides a rock or surface without completely separating it

fissuur, scheur

Ex: The tectonic plates pulled apart , causing a fissure to emerge in the earth 's surface .

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subduction

[zelfstandig naamwoord]

a geological process where one tectonic plate moves under another and sinks into the Earth's mantle

subductie, onderduiken

Ex: The Ring of Fire is a prominent zone of subduction-related volcanic and seismic activity encircling the Pacific Ocean basin.

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isostasy

[zelfstandig naamwoord]

the gravitational balance between Earth's rigid lithosphere and the underlying, semi-fluid asthenosphere, influencing variations in surface elevation

isostasie, isostatische balans

Ex: Isostasy is a fundamental principle in geophysics, guiding our understanding of the dynamic balance between Earth's rigid and fluid layers.

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lithosphere

[zelfstandig naamwoord]

the Earth's rigid outer layer, made up of the crust and upper mantle, and divided into tectonic plates

lithosfeer, aardkorst

Ex: lithosphere is in constant motion , with plates drifting and interacting over geological time scales .

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asthenosphere

[zelfstandig naamwoord]

a layer of semi-fluid rock beneath the Earth's crust that allows tectonic plates to move

asthenosfeer, asthenosfera

Ex: The movement of magma from the asthenosphere to the Earth's surface leads to volcanic activity in regions like the Pacific Ring of Fire.

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karst

[zelfstandig naamwoord]

a landscape formed from the dissolution of soluble rocks, characterized by sinkholes, caves, and underground drainage systems

karst, karstgebied

Ex: Karst aquifers are important sources of groundwater for drinking water and irrigation in many regions around the world, but they are also susceptible to contamination and pollution.

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orogeny

[zelfstandig naamwoord]

the geological process of mountain building, usually occurring due to the collision or convergence of tectonic plates

orogenese, bergvorming

Ex: The orogeny played a role in the formation of the supercontinent Laurasia during the Paleozoic era .

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geode

[zelfstandig naamwoord]

a hollow rock with a cavity inside, lined with crystals or mineral material, formed through natural processes and often valued for its aesthetic qualities

geode, kristalholte

Ex: During a field trip , students unearthed geode in a riverbed , marveling at the hidden treasures inside .

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kimberlite

[zelfstandig naamwoord]

a volcanic rock that often contains diamonds, formed during explosive eruptions from the Earth's mantle, and is of particular interest in diamond exploration and mining

kimberliet, kimberlietgesteente

Ex: Prospecting teams use geophysical methods to locate kimberlite pipes beneath the Earth 's surface .

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glaciation

[zelfstandig naamwoord]

the geological process involving the expansion and movement of glaciers, shaping landscapes through erosion, deposition, and the formation of distinctive glacial landforms

glaciatie, ijsbedekking

Ex: Glaciation played a role in shaping the iconic Yosemite Valley in California .

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moraine

[zelfstandig naamwoord]

a deposit of rocks, sediment, and glacial material left by a moving glacier, forming distinctive landforms along its edges or terminus

morene, gletsjerafzetting

Ex: moraines, resulting from the merging of two glaciers , were observed in the high mountain ranges .

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drumlin

[zelfstandig naamwoord]

a streamlined, elongated hill formed by glacial action, with a teardrop shape and the steeper end facing the direction of ice movement

drumlin, glaciale aardenheuvel

Ex: As the ice sheet advanced , it left behind a series drumlins, each bearing evidence of its journey .

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seismology

[zelfstandig naamwoord]

the scientific study of earthquakes and seismic waves, providing insights into Earth's interior, tectonic plate movement, and earthquake hazards

seismologie, aardbevingswetenschap

Ex: The principles seismology are applied to investigate the effects of earthquakes on structures and infrastructure .

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caldera

[zelfstandig naamwoord]

a large, basin-shaped volcanic crater formed by the collapse of a volcano after a massive eruption

caldera, kratermeer

Ex: The Aira Caldera in Japan contains the active Sakurajima volcano and forms Kagoshima Bay.

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diagenesis

[zelfstandig naamwoord]

the physical and chemical changes occurring in sediments between their deposition and their consolidation into sedimentary rock

diagenese, diagenetische processen

Ex: The study of diagenesis provides insights into the history of sedimentary rocks and the environmental conditions present during their formation, as well as their potential as hydrocarbon reservoirs.

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Woordenschat voor IELTS Academic (Score 8-9)

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Woordenschat voor IELTS Academic (Score 8-9) - Geology