Cambridge English: CAE (C1 Advanced) - Malattie, lesioni e condizioni specifiche

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to discharge

[Verbo]

(of a wound or body part) to slowly release an infectious liquid, called pus

emissione

Ex: The wound care team regularly cleaned and dressed the wound to minimize the risk of it discharging pus .Il team di cura delle ferite puliva e medicava regolarmente la ferita per minimizzare il rischio che **scaricasse** pus.

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dumb

[aggettivo]

unable to speak

muto

Ex: In historical contexts , the term "dumb" was often used to describe individuals with speech impairments or those who could not speak for various reasons .In contesti storici, il termine **"muto"** era spesso usato per descrivere individui con disturbi del linguaggio o quelli che non potevano parlare per varie ragioni.

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deaf

[aggettivo]

partly or completely unable to hear

sordo

Ex: He learned to lip-read to better understand conversations as he grew increasingly deaf.Ha imparato a leggere le labbra per capire meglio le conversazioni mentre diventava sempre più **sordo**.

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terminally

[avverbio]

in a manner that denotes an illness or condition that is incurable and expected to result in death

terminalmente, in modo terminale

Ex: Clinical notes recorded that the disease had progressed to a terminally fatal stage .Le note cliniche hanno registrato che la malattia era progredita fino a uno stadio **terminalmente** fatale.

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blister

[sostantivo]

a swollen area on the skin filled with liquid, caused by constant rubbing or by burning

vescica

Ex: In severe cases , large or infected blisters may require medical attention to prevent complications and promote healing .Nei casi gravi, le **vescicole** grandi o infette possono richiedere attenzione medica per prevenire complicazioni e favorire la guarigione.

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to dislocate

[Verbo]

to suddenly cause a bone to move out of its normal position

dislocare

Ex: The wrestler dislocated his elbow during the match .Il lottatore si è **sloccato** il gomito durante l'incontro.

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to fracture

[Verbo]

to sustain a break or crack in a bone

fratturare, fratturarsi

Ex: The child's shin bone fractured while playing on the playground.L'osso tibiale del bambino si è **fratturato** mentre giocava nel parco giochi.

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to infect

[Verbo]

to transmit a disease to a person, animal, or plant

infettare

Ex: If proper precautions are not taken , the virus will likely infect more individuals .Se non vengono prese le dovute precauzioni, è probabile che il virus **infetti** più individui.

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relief

[sostantivo]

a feeling of comfort that comes when something annoying or upsetting is gone

sollievo

Ex: She experienced great relief when the missing pet was found .Provò un grande **sollievo** quando l'animale domestico scomparso fu trovato.

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to sprain

[Verbo]

(of a ligament) to be suddenly twisted, which results in much pain

storcere

Ex: He sprains his leg easily because of his weak joints .Si **storce** facilmente la gamba a causa delle sue articolazioni deboli.

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swelling

[sostantivo]

an area of one's body that has become unusually larger, caused by an injury or sickness

gonfiore

Ex: In some cases , swelling can be managed with over-the-counter medications like ibuprofen , which help reduce inflammation and pain .In alcuni casi, il **gonfiore** può essere gestito con farmaci da banco come l'ibuprofene, che aiutano a ridurre l'infiammazione e il dolore.

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under the weather

[Frase]

feeling unwell or slightly ill

malato

Ex: I've been under the weather all week with a cold.

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repetitive strain injury

[sostantivo]

damage to muscles, tendons, or other soft tissues that develops over time from repetitive movements, prolonged overuse, or sustained awkward posture during work or daily activities

lesioni da sforzo ripetitivo

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to hiccup

[Verbo]

to make a sudden, involuntary sound caused by a spasm of the diaphragm, often as a result of eating or drinking too quickly

singhiozzo

Ex: He was embarrassed when he hiccupped while meeting his boss .Era imbarazzato quando **singhiozzò** mentre incontrava il suo capo.

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color blindness

[sostantivo]

a condition where a person has trouble seeing certain colors or distinguishing between them

daltonismo, deficienza della visione dei colori

Ex: People with color blindness may use special glasses to help them see colors better .Le persone con **daltonismo** possono usare occhiali speciali per aiutarle a vedere meglio i colori.

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to choke

[Verbo]

to block the throat, hinder breathing and cause suffocation

soffocare, strangolare

Ex: In a dangerous situation , the officer quickly choked the armed suspect to prevent further harm .In una situazione pericolosa, l'ufficiale ha rapidamente **soffocato** il sospettato armato per prevenire ulteriori danni.

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insomnia

[sostantivo]

a disorder in which one is unable to sleep or stay asleep

insonnia

Ex: Despite feeling exhausted , his insomnia made it impossible for him to get a good night 's rest .Nonostante si sentisse esausto, la sua **insonnia** gli ha reso impossibile ottenere un buon riposo notturno.

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high blood pressure

[sostantivo]

a chronic condition in which the force of blood against arterial walls is persistently elevated, increasing risk of heart disease, stroke, and other complications

ipertensione arteriosa, pressione alta

Ex: Many people with high blood pressure feel fine , which is why screening is important .Molte persone con **pressione alta** si sentono bene, motivo per cui lo screening è importante.

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obesity

[sostantivo]

the condition of having such a high amount of body fat that it becomes very dangerous for one's health

obesità

Ex: Addressing obesity requires a multifaceted approach that includes promoting healthy eating habits , regular physical activity , and community-wide initiatives .Affrontare **l'obesità** richiede un approccio multifattoriale che includa la promozione di abitudini alimentari sane, attività fisica regolare e iniziative a livello comunitario.

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to wear out

[Verbo]

to make someone tired because of strain or stress

sfinire, stancare

Ex: Don't wear yourself out by working too many hours without breaks.Non **logorarti** lavorando troppe ore senza pause.

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malaria

[sostantivo]

a potentially fatal disease normally transmitted to humans through the bite of an infected Anopheles mosquito

malaria

Ex: The outbreak of malaria in the village prompted a swift response from medical teams .Lo scoppio della **malaria** nel villaggio ha provocato una risposta rapida da parte delle squadre mediche.

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to pinch

[Verbo]

to cause discomfort or distress

pizzicare, stringere

Ex: The sharp criticism from her boss pinched her self-esteem .Le aspre critiche del suo capo hanno **pizzicato** la sua autostima.

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to tingle

[Verbo]

to make a part of the body feel a bit ticklish or have a slight, unusual sensation

formicolare, pizzicare

Ex: Last night , the cool breeze tingled my face during the walk .Ieri sera, la brezza fresca mi **formicolava** il viso durante la passeggiata.

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agony

[sostantivo]

severe physical or mental pain

dolore estremo

Ex: Patients with severe burns often experience excruciating agony during treatment .I pazienti con gravi ustioni spesso sperimentano un'**agonia** straziante durante il trattamento.

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to flag

[Verbo]

to lose energy, strength, and enthusiasm

vacillare

Ex: Without regular breaks , employees ' productivity tends to flag during long workdays .Senza pause regolari, la produttività dei dipendenti tende a **calare** durante le lunghe giornate lavorative.

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cavity

[sostantivo]

a hole in a tooth that is caused by decay

cavità

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trauma

[sostantivo]

a medical condition of the mind caused by extreme shock, which could last for a very long time

trauma

Ex: Witnessing a natural disaster can leave survivors with lasting trauma and fear .Assistere a un disastro naturale può lasciare i sopravvissuti con un **trauma** duraturo e paura.

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breakdown

[sostantivo]

a condition in which a person becomes so anxious or depressed that they can no longer handle their everyday life

esaurimento nervoso

Ex: The intense academic pressure during finals week caused several students to suffer breakdowns.L'intensa pressione accademica durante la settimana degli esami finali ha causato a diversi studenti di soffrire di **esaurimento nervoso**.

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amnesia

[sostantivo]

a severe medical condition that leads to partial or complete loss of memory

amnesia

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neurosis

[sostantivo]

a mental condition that is not caused by organic disease in which one is constantly anxious, worried, and stressed

nevrosi

Ex: Symptoms of neurosis can include persistent feelings of sadness , irritability , and fear , often without a clear or rational cause .I sintomi della **nevrosi** possono includere sentimenti persistenti di tristezza, irritabilità e paura, spesso senza una causa chiara o razionale.

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bundle of nerves

[Frase]

an extremely anxious or nervous person

un fascio di nervi

Ex: With relaxation techniques, he can manage his anxiety and avoid being a bag of nerves in stressful situations.

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anxiety disorder

[sostantivo]

a group of mental health conditions marked by persistent, excessive fear or worry, that interferes with daily functioning

disturbo d'ansia, disturbo ansioso

Ex: The clinician explained that anxiety disorders often co‑occur with depression and require coordinated treatment .Il clinico ha spiegato che i **disturbi d'ansia** spesso coesistono con la depressione e richiedono un trattamento coordinato.

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Cambridge English: CAE (C1 Advanced)

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