剑桥英语：CAE（C1高级） - 疾病、伤害与特定状况

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to discharge

[动词]

(of a wound or body part) to slowly release an infectious liquid, called pus

流脓, 排脓

Ex: The wound care team regularly cleaned and dressed the wound to minimize the risk of it discharging pus .伤口护理团队定期清洁和包扎伤口，以尽量减少其**排出**脓液的风险。

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dumb

[形容词]

unable to speak

哑的, 聋哑的

Ex: In historical contexts , the term "dumb" was often used to describe individuals with speech impairments or those who could not speak for various reasons .在历史背景下，术语**"哑"**常被用来描述有语言障碍或因各种原因无法说话的人。

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deaf

[形容词]

partly or completely unable to hear

聋的, 听力障碍的

Ex: He learned to lip-read to better understand conversations as he grew increasingly deaf.随着他变得越来越**聋**，他学会了唇读以更好地理解对话。

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terminally

[副词]

in a manner that denotes an illness or condition that is incurable and expected to result in death

晚期地, 处于末期阶段地

Ex: Clinical notes recorded that the disease had progressed to a terminally fatal stage .临床记录显示，疾病已进展到**终末期**致命阶段。

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blister

[名词]

a swollen area on the skin filled with liquid, caused by constant rubbing or by burning

水泡, 疱

Ex: In severe cases , large or infected blisters may require medical attention to prevent complications and promote healing .在严重的情况下，大或感染的**水泡**可能需要医疗关注以防止并发症并促进愈合。

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to dislocate

[动词]

to suddenly cause a bone to move out of its normal position

脱臼, 使脱位

Ex: The wrestler dislocated his elbow during the match .摔跤手在比赛中**脱臼**了他的肘部。

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to fracture

[动词]

to sustain a break or crack in a bone

骨折, 折断

Ex: The child's shin bone fractured while playing on the playground.孩子在操场上玩耍时，胫骨**骨折**了。

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to infect

[动词]

to transmit a disease to a person, animal, or plant

感染, 传染

Ex: If proper precautions are not taken , the virus will likely infect more individuals .如果不采取适当的预防措施，病毒可能会**感染**更多的人。

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relief

[名词]

a feeling of comfort that comes when something annoying or upsetting is gone

解脱, 安慰

Ex: She experienced great relief when the missing pet was found .当丢失的宠物被找到时，她感到非常**宽慰**。

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to sprain

[动词]

(of a ligament) to be suddenly twisted, which results in much pain

扭伤, 拉伤

Ex: He sprains his leg easily because of his weak joints .由于关节虚弱，他很容易**扭伤**腿。

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swelling

[名词]

an area of one's body that has become unusually larger, caused by an injury or sickness

肿胀, 水肿

Ex: In some cases , swelling can be managed with over-the-counter medications like ibuprofen , which help reduce inflammation and pain .在某些情况下，**肿胀**可以通过像布洛芬这样的非处方药来控制，这有助于减轻炎症和疼痛。

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under the weather

[短语]

feeling unwell or slightly ill

Ex: I've been under the weather all week with a cold.

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repetitive strain injury

[名词]

damage to muscles, tendons, or other soft tissues that develops over time from repetitive movements, prolonged overuse, or sustained awkward posture during work or daily activities

重复性劳损损伤, 肌肉骨骼疾患

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to hiccup

[动词]

to make a sudden, involuntary sound caused by a spasm of the diaphragm, often as a result of eating or drinking too quickly

打嗝, 打嗝不止

Ex: He was embarrassed when he hiccupped while meeting his boss .他在见老板时**打嗝**，感到很尴尬。

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color blindness

[名词]

a condition where a person has trouble seeing certain colors or distinguishing between them

色盲, 色觉缺陷

Ex: People with color blindness may use special glasses to help them see colors better .患有**色盲**的人可能会使用特殊眼镜来帮助他们更好地看到颜色。

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to choke

[动词]

to block the throat, hinder breathing and cause suffocation

掐住, 使窒息

Ex: In a dangerous situation , the officer quickly choked the armed suspect to prevent further harm .在危险情况下，警官迅速**扼住**了武装嫌疑人的喉咙以防止进一步的伤害。

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insomnia

[名词]

a disorder in which one is unable to sleep or stay asleep

失眠, 睡眠障碍

Ex: Despite feeling exhausted , his insomnia made it impossible for him to get a good night 's rest .尽管感到疲惫，他的**失眠**使他无法获得良好的夜间休息。

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high blood pressure

[名词]

a chronic condition in which the force of blood against arterial walls is persistently elevated, increasing risk of heart disease, stroke, and other complications

高血压, 血压高

Ex: Many people with high blood pressure feel fine , which is why screening is important .许多患有**高血压**的人感觉良好，这就是为什么筛查很重要。

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obesity

[名词]

the condition of having such a high amount of body fat that it becomes very dangerous for one's health

肥胖, 超重

Ex: Addressing obesity requires a multifaceted approach that includes promoting healthy eating habits , regular physical activity , and community-wide initiatives .解决**肥胖**问题需要多方面的努力，包括促进健康饮食习惯、定期体育活动以及社区范围内的倡议。

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to wear out

[动词]

to make someone tired because of strain or stress

使筋疲力尽, 使疲惫

Ex: Don't wear yourself out by working too many hours without breaks.不要因为工作太多小时不休息而把自己**累垮**。

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malaria

[名词]

a potentially fatal disease normally transmitted to humans through the bite of an infected Anopheles mosquito

疟疾

Ex: The outbreak of malaria in the village prompted a swift response from medical teams .村庄爆发的**疟疾**促使医疗团队迅速做出反应。

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to pinch

[动词]

to cause discomfort or distress

夹, 挤

Ex: The sharp criticism from her boss pinched her self-esteem .老板的尖锐批评**刺痛**了她的自尊心。

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to tingle

[动词]

to make a part of the body feel a bit ticklish or have a slight, unusual sensation

刺痛, 发麻

Ex: Last night , the cool breeze tingled my face during the walk .昨晚，凉爽的微风在散步时**刺痛**了我的脸。

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agony

[名词]

severe physical or mental pain

痛苦, 折磨

Ex: Patients with severe burns often experience excruciating agony during treatment .严重烧伤的患者在治疗过程中经常会经历难以忍受的**痛苦**。

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to flag

[动词]

to lose energy, strength, and enthusiasm

减弱, 衰退

Ex: Without regular breaks , employees ' productivity tends to flag during long workdays .没有定期休息，员工在长时间的工作日里生产力往往会**下降**。

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cavity

[名词]

a hole in a tooth that is caused by decay

腔, 龋齿

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trauma

[名词]

a medical condition of the mind caused by extreme shock, which could last for a very long time

创伤, 情感冲击

Ex: Witnessing a natural disaster can leave survivors with lasting trauma and fear .目睹自然灾害可能会给幸存者留下持久的**创伤**和恐惧。

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breakdown

[名词]

a condition in which a person becomes so anxious or depressed that they can no longer handle their everyday life

精神崩溃, 神经衰弱

Ex: The intense academic pressure during finals week caused several students to suffer breakdowns.期末考试周期间强烈的学术压力导致几名学生遭受**精神崩溃**。

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amnesia

[名词]

a severe medical condition that leads to partial or complete loss of memory

失忆症

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neurosis

[名词]

a mental condition that is not caused by organic disease in which one is constantly anxious, worried, and stressed

神经症, 神经官能症

Ex: Symptoms of neurosis can include persistent feelings of sadness , irritability , and fear , often without a clear or rational cause .**神经症**的症状可能包括持续的悲伤、易怒和恐惧感，通常没有明确或合理的原因。

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bundle of nerves

[短语]

an extremely anxious or nervous person

Ex: With relaxation techniques, he can manage his anxiety and avoid being a bag of nerves in stressful situations.

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anxiety disorder

[名词]

a group of mental health conditions marked by persistent, excessive fear or worry, that interferes with daily functioning

焦虑症, 焦虑障碍

Ex: The clinician explained that anxiety disorders often co‑occur with depression and require coordinated treatment .临床医生解释说，**焦虑症**通常与抑郁症共存，需要协调治疗。

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剑桥英语：CAE（C1高级）

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