Cambridge English: CAE (C1 Advanced) - Enfermedades, lesiones y condiciones específicas

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to discharge

[Verbo]

(of a wound or body part) to slowly release an infectious liquid, called pus

supurar

Ex: The wound care team regularly cleaned and dressed the wound to minimize the risk of it discharging pus .El equipo de cuidado de heridas limpiaba y vendaba regularmente la herida para minimizar el riesgo de que **descargara** pus.

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dumb

[Adjetivo]

unable to speak

mudo

Ex: In historical contexts , the term "dumb" was often used to describe individuals with speech impairments or those who could not speak for various reasons .En contextos históricos, el término **"mudo"** se usaba a menudo para describir a personas con impedimentos del habla o aquellos que no podían hablar por diversas razones.

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deaf

[Adjetivo]

partly or completely unable to hear

sordo

Ex: He learned to lip-read to better understand conversations as he grew increasingly deaf.Aprendió a leer los labios para entender mejor las conversaciones a medida que se volvía cada vez más **sordo**.

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terminally

[Adverbio]

in a manner that denotes an illness or condition that is incurable and expected to result in death

terminalmente, en fase terminal

Ex: Clinical notes recorded that the disease had progressed to a terminally fatal stage .Las notas clínicas registraron que la enfermedad había progresado a una etapa **terminalmente** fatal.

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blister

[Sustantivo]

a swollen area on the skin filled with liquid, caused by constant rubbing or by burning

ampolla

Ex: In severe cases , large or infected blisters may require medical attention to prevent complications and promote healing .En casos graves, las **ampollas** grandes o infectadas pueden requerir atención médica para prevenir complicaciones y promover la curación.

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to dislocate

[Verbo]

to suddenly cause a bone to move out of its normal position

dislocarse, dislocar

Ex: The wrestler dislocated his elbow during the match .El luchador se **dislocó** el codo durante el combate.

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to fracture

[Verbo]

to sustain a break or crack in a bone

$fracturar, fracturarse$

fracturar, fracturarse

Ex: The child's shin bone fractured while playing on the playground.El hueso de la espinilla del niño se **fracturó** mientras jugaba en el parque infantil.

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to infect

[Verbo]

to transmit a disease to a person, animal, or plant

infectar

Ex: If proper precautions are not taken , the virus will likely infect more individuals .Si no se toman las precauciones adecuadas, es probable que el virus **infecte** a más personas.

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relief

[Sustantivo]

a feeling of comfort that comes when something annoying or upsetting is gone

alivio, tranquilidad

Ex: She experienced great relief when the missing pet was found .Ella sintió un gran **alivio** cuando encontraron a la mascota perdida.

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to sprain

[Verbo]

(of a ligament) to be suddenly twisted, which results in much pain

torcerse, hacerse un esguince en

Ex: He sprains his leg easily because of his weak joints .Se **tuerce** fácilmente la pierna debido a sus articulaciones débiles.

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swelling

[Sustantivo]

an area of one's body that has become unusually larger, caused by an injury or sickness

hinchazón, inflamación

Ex: In some cases , swelling can be managed with over-the-counter medications like ibuprofen , which help reduce inflammation and pain .En algunos casos, la **hinchazón** puede controlarse con medicamentos de venta libre como el ibuprofeno, que ayudan a reducir la inflamación y el dolor.

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under the weather

[Frase]

feeling unwell or slightly ill

mal

Ex: I've been under the weather all week with a cold.

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repetitive strain injury

[Sustantivo]

damage to muscles, tendons, or other soft tissues that develops over time from repetitive movements, prolonged overuse, or sustained awkward posture during work or daily activities

lesiones por esfuerzo repetitivo, lesiones por sobrecarga

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to hiccup

[Verbo]

to make a sudden, involuntary sound caused by a spasm of the diaphragm, often as a result of eating or drinking too quickly

hipar, tener hipo

Ex: He was embarrassed when he hiccupped while meeting his boss .Estaba avergonzado cuando **hipó** al conocer a su jefe.

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color blindness

[Sustantivo]

a condition where a person has trouble seeing certain colors or distinguishing between them

daltonismo, deficiencia de visión del color

Ex: People with color blindness may use special glasses to help them see colors better .Las personas con **daltonismo** pueden usar gafas especiales para ayudarles a ver mejor los colores.

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to choke

[Verbo]

to block the throat, hinder breathing and cause suffocation

ahogar, estrangular

Ex: In a dangerous situation , the officer quickly choked the armed suspect to prevent further harm .En una situación peligrosa, el oficial rápidamente **ahogó** al sospechoso armado para evitar más daños.

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insomnia

[Sustantivo]

a disorder in which one is unable to sleep or stay asleep

insomnio

Ex: Despite feeling exhausted , his insomnia made it impossible for him to get a good night 's rest .A pesar de sentirse exhausto, su **insomnio** le hizo imposible tener un buen descanso nocturno.

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high blood pressure

[Sustantivo]

a chronic condition in which the force of blood against arterial walls is persistently elevated, increasing risk of heart disease, stroke, and other complications

hipertensión arterial, presión arterial alta

Ex: Many people with high blood pressure feel fine , which is why screening is important .Muchas personas con **presión arterial alta** se sienten bien, por lo que el cribado es importante.

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obesity

[Sustantivo]

the condition of having such a high amount of body fat that it becomes very dangerous for one's health

obesidad

Ex: Addressing obesity requires a multifaceted approach that includes promoting healthy eating habits , regular physical activity , and community-wide initiatives .Abordar **la obesidad** requiere un enfoque multifacético que incluye promover hábitos alimenticios saludables, actividad física regular e iniciativas comunitarias.

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to wear out

[Verbo]

to make someone tired because of strain or stress

agotar, cansar

Ex: Don't wear yourself out by working too many hours without breaks.No te **desgastes** trabajando demasiadas horas sin descansos.

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malaria

[Sustantivo]

a potentially fatal disease normally transmitted to humans through the bite of an infected Anopheles mosquito

malaria, paludismo

Ex: The outbreak of malaria in the village prompted a swift response from medical teams .El brote de **malaria** en el pueblo provocó una respuesta rápida de los equipos médicos.

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to pinch

[Verbo]

to cause discomfort or distress

pellizcar, apretar

Ex: The sharp criticism from her boss pinched her self-esteem .Las duras críticas de su jefe **hirieron** su autoestima.

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to tingle

[Verbo]

to make a part of the body feel a bit ticklish or have a slight, unusual sensation

hormiguear, cosquillear

Ex: Last night , the cool breeze tingled my face during the walk .Anoche, la brisa fresca **hormigueó** mi cara durante el paseo.

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agony

[Sustantivo]

severe physical or mental pain

dolor agudo

Ex: Patients with severe burns often experience excruciating agony during treatment .Los pacientes con quemaduras graves a menudo experimentan una **agonía** insoportable durante el tratamiento.

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to flag

[Verbo]

to lose energy, strength, and enthusiasm

flaquear

Ex: Without regular breaks , employees ' productivity tends to flag during long workdays .Sin descansos regulares, la productividad de los empleados tiende a **disminuir** durante las largas jornadas laborales.

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cavity

[Sustantivo]

a hole in a tooth that is caused by decay

caries

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trauma

[Sustantivo]

a medical condition of the mind caused by extreme shock, which could last for a very long time

trauma

Ex: Witnessing a natural disaster can leave survivors with lasting trauma and fear .Presenciar un desastre natural puede dejar a los supervivientes con un **trauma** duradero y miedo.

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breakdown

[Sustantivo]

a condition in which a person becomes so anxious or depressed that they can no longer handle their everyday life

crisis nerviosa

Ex: The intense academic pressure during finals week caused several students to suffer breakdowns.La intensa presión académica durante la semana de exámenes finales hizo que varios estudiantes sufrieran **crisis nerviosas**.

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amnesia

[Sustantivo]

a severe medical condition that leads to partial or complete loss of memory

amnesia

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neurosis

[Sustantivo]

a mental condition that is not caused by organic disease in which one is constantly anxious, worried, and stressed

neurosis

Ex: Symptoms of neurosis can include persistent feelings of sadness , irritability , and fear , often without a clear or rational cause .Los síntomas de la **neurosis** pueden incluir sentimientos persistentes de tristeza, irritabilidad y miedo, a menudo sin una causa clara o racional.

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bundle of nerves

[Frase]

an extremely anxious or nervous person

un manojo de nervios, una pila de nervios

Ex: With relaxation techniques, he can manage his anxiety and avoid being a bag of nerves in stressful situations.

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anxiety disorder

[Sustantivo]

a group of mental health conditions marked by persistent, excessive fear or worry, that interferes with daily functioning

trastorno de ansiedad, trastorno ansioso

Ex: The clinician explained that anxiety disorders often co‑occur with depression and require coordinated treatment .El clínico explicó que los **trastornos de ansiedad** a menudo coexisten con la depresión y requieren un tratamiento coordinado.

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Cambridge English: CAE (C1 Advanced)

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