Cambridge English: CAE (C1 Advanced) - Doenças, lesões e condições específicas

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Começar a aprender

to discharge

[verbo]

(of a wound or body part) to slowly release an infectious liquid, called pus

supurar, secretar

Ex: The wound care team regularly cleaned and dressed the wound to minimize the risk of it discharging pus .A equipe de cuidados com feridas limpava e enfaixava regularmente a ferida para minimizar o risco de **descarga** de pus.

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dumb

[adjetivo]

unable to speak

mudo, surdo-mudo

Ex: In historical contexts , the term "dumb" was often used to describe individuals with speech impairments or those who could not speak for various reasons .Em contextos históricos, o termo **"mudo"** era frequentemente usado para descrever indivíduos com deficiências de fala ou aqueles que não podiam falar por várias razões.

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deaf

[adjetivo]

partly or completely unable to hear

surdo, hipoacúsico

Ex: He learned to lip-read to better understand conversations as he grew increasingly deaf.Ele aprendeu a ler lábios para entender melhor as conversas à medida que ficava cada vez mais **surdo**.

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terminally

[advérbio]

in a manner that denotes an illness or condition that is incurable and expected to result in death

terminalmente, em fase terminal

Ex: Clinical notes recorded that the disease had progressed to a terminally fatal stage .As notas clínicas registraram que a doença havia progredido para um estágio **terminalmente** fatal.

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blister

[substantivo]

a swollen area on the skin filled with liquid, caused by constant rubbing or by burning

bolha, vesícula

Ex: In severe cases , large or infected blisters may require medical attention to prevent complications and promote healing .Em casos graves, **bolhas** grandes ou infectadas podem exigir atenção médica para prevenir complicações e promover a cura.

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to dislocate

[verbo]

to suddenly cause a bone to move out of its normal position

deslocar, luxar

Ex: The wrestler dislocated his elbow during the match .O lutador **deslocou** o cotovelo durante a luta.

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to fracture

[verbo]

to sustain a break or crack in a bone

fraturar, fraturar-se

Ex: The child's shin bone fractured while playing on the playground.O osso da canela da criança **fraturou** enquanto brincava no parquinho.

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to infect

[verbo]

to transmit a disease to a person, animal, or plant

infectar, contagiar

Ex: If proper precautions are not taken , the virus will likely infect more individuals .Se as precauções adequadas não forem tomadas, o vírus provavelmente **infectará** mais indivíduos.

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relief

[substantivo]

a feeling of comfort that comes when something annoying or upsetting is gone

alívio, conforto

Ex: She experienced great relief when the missing pet was found .Ela sentiu um grande **alívio** quando o animal de estimação desaparecido foi encontrado.

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to sprain

[verbo]

(of a ligament) to be suddenly twisted, which results in much pain

torcer, distender

Ex: He sprains his leg easily because of his weak joints .Ele **torce** facilmente a perna por causa das articulações fracas.

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swelling

[substantivo]

an area of one's body that has become unusually larger, caused by an injury or sickness

inchaço, edema

Ex: In some cases , swelling can be managed with over-the-counter medications like ibuprofen , which help reduce inflammation and pain .Em alguns casos, o **inchaço** pode ser controlado com medicamentos de venda livre como o ibuprofeno, que ajudam a reduzir a inflamação e a dor.

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under the weather

[frase]

feeling unwell or slightly ill

Ex: I've been under the weather all week with a cold.

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repetitive strain injury

[substantivo]

damage to muscles, tendons, or other soft tissues that develops over time from repetitive movements, prolonged overuse, or sustained awkward posture during work or daily activities

lesão por esforço repetitivo, distúrbio musculoesquelético

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to hiccup

[verbo]

to make a sudden, involuntary sound caused by a spasm of the diaphragm, often as a result of eating or drinking too quickly

soluçar, ter soluço

Ex: He was embarrassed when he hiccupped while meeting his boss .Ele ficou envergonhado quando **soluçou** ao conhecer seu chefe.

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color blindness

[substantivo]

a condition where a person has trouble seeing certain colors or distinguishing between them

daltonismo, deficiência de visão de cores

Ex: People with color blindness may use special glasses to help them see colors better .Pessoas com **daltonismo** podem usar óculos especiais para ajudá-las a ver cores melhor.

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to choke

[verbo]

to block the throat, hinder breathing and cause suffocation

estrangular, sufocar

Ex: In a dangerous situation , the officer quickly choked the armed suspect to prevent further harm .Em uma situação perigosa, o oficial rapidamente **estrangularam** o suspeito armado para evitar mais danos.

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insomnia

[substantivo]

a disorder in which one is unable to sleep or stay asleep

insônia, transtorno do sono

Ex: Despite feeling exhausted , his insomnia made it impossible for him to get a good night 's rest .Apesar de se sentir exausto, sua **insônia** tornou impossível para ele ter uma boa noite de descanso.

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high blood pressure

[substantivo]

a chronic condition in which the force of blood against arterial walls is persistently elevated, increasing risk of heart disease, stroke, and other complications

pressão arterial alta, hipertensão

Ex: Many people with high blood pressure feel fine , which is why screening is important .Muitas pessoas com **pressão alta** se sentem bem, por isso o rastreamento é importante.

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obesity

[substantivo]

the condition of having such a high amount of body fat that it becomes very dangerous for one's health

obesidade, sobrepeso

Ex: Addressing obesity requires a multifaceted approach that includes promoting healthy eating habits , regular physical activity , and community-wide initiatives .Abordar a **obesidade** requer uma abordagem multifacetada que inclui a promoção de hábitos alimentares saudáveis, atividade física regular e iniciativas comunitárias.

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to wear out

[verbo]

to make someone tired because of strain or stress

esgotar, cansar

Ex: Don't wear yourself out by working too many hours without breaks.Não se **desgaste** trabalhando muitas horas sem intervalos.

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malaria

[substantivo]

a potentially fatal disease normally transmitted to humans through the bite of an infected Anopheles mosquito

malária

Ex: The outbreak of malaria in the village prompted a swift response from medical teams .O surto de **malária** na aldeia provocou uma resposta rápida das equipas médicas.

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to pinch

[verbo]

to cause discomfort or distress

apertar, beliscar

Ex: The sharp criticism from her boss pinched her self-esteem .As duras críticas do seu chefe **feriram** sua autoestima.

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to tingle

[verbo]

to make a part of the body feel a bit ticklish or have a slight, unusual sensation

formigar, picar

Ex: Last night , the cool breeze tingled my face during the walk .Ontem à noite, a brisa fresca **formigou** meu rosto durante a caminhada.

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agony

[substantivo]

severe physical or mental pain

agonia, sofrimento

Ex: Patients with severe burns often experience excruciating agony during treatment .Pacientes com queimaduras graves frequentemente experimentam **agonia** excruciante durante o tratamento.

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to flag

[verbo]

to lose energy, strength, and enthusiasm

enfraquecer, definhar

Ex: Without regular breaks , employees ' productivity tends to flag during long workdays .Sem intervalos regulares, a produtividade dos funcionários tende a **diminuir** durante longos dias de trabalho.

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cavity

[substantivo]

a hole in a tooth that is caused by decay

cavidade, cárie

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trauma

[substantivo]

a medical condition of the mind caused by extreme shock, which could last for a very long time

trauma, choque emocional

Ex: Witnessing a natural disaster can leave survivors with lasting trauma and fear .Testemunhar um desastre natural pode deixar os sobreviventes com **trauma** duradouro e medo.

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breakdown

[substantivo]

a condition in which a person becomes so anxious or depressed that they can no longer handle their everyday life

esgotamento nervoso, colapso nervoso

Ex: The intense academic pressure during finals week caused several students to suffer breakdowns.A intensa pressão acadêmica durante a semana de provas finais fez com que vários alunos sofressem **colapsos nervosos**.

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amnesia

[substantivo]

a severe medical condition that leads to partial or complete loss of memory

amnésia

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neurosis

[substantivo]

a mental condition that is not caused by organic disease in which one is constantly anxious, worried, and stressed

neurose, transtorno neurótico

Ex: Symptoms of neurosis can include persistent feelings of sadness , irritability , and fear , often without a clear or rational cause .Os sintomas da **neurose** podem incluir sentimentos persistentes de tristeza, irritabilidade e medo, frequentemente sem uma causa clara ou racional.

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bundle of nerves

[frase]

an extremely anxious or nervous person

Ex: With relaxation techniques, he can manage his anxiety and avoid being a bag of nerves in stressful situations.

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anxiety disorder

[substantivo]

a group of mental health conditions marked by persistent, excessive fear or worry, that interferes with daily functioning

transtorno de ansiedade, distúrbio de ansiedade

Ex: The clinician explained that anxiety disorders often co‑occur with depression and require coordinated treatment .O clínico explicou que os **transtornos de ansiedade** frequentemente coexistem com a depressão e exigem tratamento coordenado.

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Cambridge English: CAE (C1 Advanced)

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