Cambridge English: CAE (C1 Advanced) - Sjukdomar, skador och specifika tillstånd

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to discharge

[Verb]

(of a wound or body part) to slowly release an infectious liquid, called pus

vara, utsöndra var

Ex: The wound care team regularly cleaned and dressed the wound to minimize the risk of it discharging pus .Sårvårdsteamet rengjorde och förband såret regelbundet för att minimera risken för att det **avsöndrar** var.

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dumb

[adjektiv]

unable to speak

stum, dövstum

Ex: In historical contexts , the term "dumb" was often used to describe individuals with speech impairments or those who could not speak for various reasons .I historiska sammanhang användes termen **"stum"** ofta för att beskriva personer med talhandikapp eller de som av olika skäl inte kunde tala.

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deaf

[adjektiv]

partly or completely unable to hear

döv, hörselskadad

Ex: He learned to lip-read to better understand conversations as he grew increasingly deaf.Han lärde sig läppläsning för att bättre förstå samtal när han blev allt mer **döv**.

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terminally

[adverb]

in a manner that denotes an illness or condition that is incurable and expected to result in death

terminalt, i terminalt skede

Ex: Clinical notes recorded that the disease had progressed to a terminally fatal stage .De kliniska anteckningarna noterade att sjukdomen hade framskridit till ett **terminalt** dödligt stadium.

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blister

[Substantiv]

a swollen area on the skin filled with liquid, caused by constant rubbing or by burning

blåsa, vesikel

Ex: In severe cases , large or infected blisters may require medical attention to prevent complications and promote healing .I allvarliga fall kan stora eller infekterade **blåsor** kräva medicinsk uppmärksamhet för att förhindra komplikationer och främja läkning.

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to dislocate

[Verb]

to suddenly cause a bone to move out of its normal position

vricka, förskjuta

Ex: The wrestler dislocated his elbow during the match .Brottaren **vrickade** armbågen under matchen.

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to fracture

[Verb]

to sustain a break or crack in a bone

bryta, bryta sig

Ex: The child's shin bone fractured while playing on the playground.Barnets skenben **bröt** när det lekte på lekplatsen.

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to infect

[Verb]

to transmit a disease to a person, animal, or plant

infektera, smitta

Ex: If proper precautions are not taken , the virus will likely infect more individuals .Om inte lämpliga försiktighetsåtgärder vidtas, kommer viruset sannolikt att **smitta** fler individer.

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relief

[Substantiv]

a feeling of comfort that comes when something annoying or upsetting is gone

lättnad, tröst

Ex: She experienced great relief when the missing pet was found .Hon kände en stor **lättnad** när det försvunna husdjuret hittades.

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to sprain

[Verb]

(of a ligament) to be suddenly twisted, which results in much pain

vricka, sträcka

Ex: He sprains his leg easily because of his weak joints .Han **vrider** lätt foten på grund av sina svaga leder.

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swelling

[Substantiv]

an area of one's body that has become unusually larger, caused by an injury or sickness

svullnad, ödem

Ex: In some cases , swelling can be managed with over-the-counter medications like ibuprofen , which help reduce inflammation and pain .I vissa fall kan **svullnad** hanteras med receptfria läkemedel som ibuprofen, som hjälper till att minska inflammation och smärta.

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under the weather

[Fras]

feeling unwell or slightly ill

Ex: I've been under the weather all week with a cold.

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repetitive strain injury

[Substantiv]

damage to muscles, tendons, or other soft tissues that develops over time from repetitive movements, prolonged overuse, or sustained awkward posture during work or daily activities

skada från upprepad belastning, muskuloskeletalt besvär

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to hiccup

[Verb]

to make a sudden, involuntary sound caused by a spasm of the diaphragm, often as a result of eating or drinking too quickly

hicka, ha hicka

Ex: He was embarrassed when he hiccupped while meeting his boss .Han var generad när han **hickade** medan han träffade sin chef.

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color blindness

[Substantiv]

a condition where a person has trouble seeing certain colors or distinguishing between them

färgblindhet, färgseendebrist

Ex: People with color blindness may use special glasses to help them see colors better .Personer med **färgblindhet** kan använda speciella glasögon för att se färger bättre.

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to choke

[Verb]

to block the throat, hinder breathing and cause suffocation

strypa, kväva

Ex: In a dangerous situation , the officer quickly choked the armed suspect to prevent further harm .I en farlig situation kvävde officeren snabbt den beväpnade misstänkte för att förhindra ytterligare skada.

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insomnia

[Substantiv]

a disorder in which one is unable to sleep or stay asleep

sömnlöshet, sömnstörning

Ex: Despite feeling exhausted , his insomnia made it impossible for him to get a good night 's rest .Trots att han kände sig utmattad gjorde hans **sömnlöshet** det omöjligt för honom att få en god natts vila.

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high blood pressure

[Substantiv]

a chronic condition in which the force of blood against arterial walls is persistently elevated, increasing risk of heart disease, stroke, and other complications

högt blodtryck, hypertoni

Ex: Many people with high blood pressure feel fine , which is why screening is important .Många människor med **högt blodtryck** mår bra, varför screening är viktigt.

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obesity

[Substantiv]

the condition of having such a high amount of body fat that it becomes very dangerous for one's health

fetma, övervikt

Ex: Addressing obesity requires a multifaceted approach that includes promoting healthy eating habits , regular physical activity , and community-wide initiatives .Att adressera **fetma** kräver en mångfacetterad strategi som inkluderar främjande av hälsosamma matvanor, regelbunden fysisk aktivitet och samhällsomfattande initiativ.

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to wear out

[Verb]

to make someone tired because of strain or stress

trötta ut, utmatta

Ex: Don't wear yourself out by working too many hours without breaks.**Trötta** inte ut dig själv genom att arbeta för många timmar utan pauser.

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malaria

[Substantiv]

a potentially fatal disease normally transmitted to humans through the bite of an infected Anopheles mosquito

malaria

Ex: The outbreak of malaria in the village prompted a swift response from medical teams .Utbrottet av **malaria** i byn ledde till en snabb respons från medicinska team.

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to pinch

[Verb]

to cause discomfort or distress

klämma, pressa

Ex: The sharp criticism from her boss pinched her self-esteem .Den skarpa kritiken från hennes chef **sårade** hennes självkänsla.

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to tingle

[Verb]

to make a part of the body feel a bit ticklish or have a slight, unusual sensation

sticka, pirra

Ex: Last night , the cool breeze tingled my face during the walk .I går kväll **stickade** den svala brisen mitt ansikte under promenaden.

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agony

[Substantiv]

severe physical or mental pain

plåga, lidande

Ex: Patients with severe burns often experience excruciating agony during treatment .Patienter med allvarliga brännskador upplever ofta outhärdlig **plåga** under behandlingen.

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to flag

[Verb]

to lose energy, strength, and enthusiasm

avta, mattas

Ex: Without regular breaks , employees ' productivity tends to flag during long workdays .Utan regelbundna pauser tenderar anställdas produktivitet att **avta** under långa arbetsdagar.

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cavity

[Substantiv]

a hole in a tooth that is caused by decay

hålighet, karies

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trauma

[Substantiv]

a medical condition of the mind caused by extreme shock, which could last for a very long time

trauma, känslomässig chock

Ex: Witnessing a natural disaster can leave survivors with lasting trauma and fear .Att bevittna en naturkatastrof kan lämna överlevande med bestående **trauma** och rädsla.

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breakdown

[Substantiv]

a condition in which a person becomes so anxious or depressed that they can no longer handle their everyday life

nervsammanbrott, nervöst sammanbrott

Ex: The intense academic pressure during finals week caused several students to suffer breakdowns.Den intensiva akademiska pressen under tentaveckan fick flera studenter att drabbas av **nervsammanbrott**.

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amnesia

[Substantiv]

a severe medical condition that leads to partial or complete loss of memory

amnesi

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neurosis

[Substantiv]

a mental condition that is not caused by organic disease in which one is constantly anxious, worried, and stressed

neuros, neurotisk störning

Ex: Symptoms of neurosis can include persistent feelings of sadness , irritability , and fear , often without a clear or rational cause .Symptom på **neuroser** kan inkludera bestående känslor av sorg, irritabilitet och rädsla, ofta utan en tydlig eller rationell orsak.

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bundle of nerves

[Fras]

an extremely anxious or nervous person

Ex: With relaxation techniques, he can manage his anxiety and avoid being a bag of nerves in stressful situations.

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anxiety disorder

[Substantiv]

a group of mental health conditions marked by persistent, excessive fear or worry, that interferes with daily functioning

ångeststörning, ångestsjukdom

Ex: The clinician explained that anxiety disorders often co‑occur with depression and require coordinated treatment .Klinikern förklarade att **ångeststörningar** ofta samförekommer med depression och kräver samordnad behandling.

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Cambridge English: CAE (C1 Advanced)

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