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IELTS Academicの語彙 (スコア5) - 数学

ここでは、基本的なアカデミックIELTS試験に必要な数学に関連するいくつかの英単語を学びます。

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Vocabulary for IELTS Academic (Band 5)
algebra
algebra
[名詞]

a branch of mathematics in which abstract letters and symbols represent numbers in order to generalize the arithmetic

代数

代数

Ex: In high school, students typically begin studying algebra to learn about equations and variables. 

高校では、生徒は通常、方程式と変数について学ぶために代数の勉強を始めます。

arithmetic
arithmetic
[名詞]

a branch of mathematics that deals with addition, subtraction, multiplication, etc.

算術

算術

Ex: Students in elementary school learn basic arithmetic operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. 

小学生は、足し算、引き算、掛け算、割り算などの基本的な算術演算を学びます。

geometry
geometry
[名詞]

the branch of mathematics that deals with the relation between the lines, angles and surfaces or the properties of the space

幾何学

幾何学

Ex: She studied geometry to understand the principles of shapes and angles. 

彼女は形と角度の原則を理解するために幾何学を学んだ。

equation
equation
[名詞]

(mathematics) a statement indicating the equality between two values

方程式

方程式

Ex: Engineers use equations to model and predict the behavior of structures under different conditions. 
fraction
fraction
[名詞]

a number expressed as one quantity divided by another, especially one written with a numerator and denominator

Ex: Three quarters can be written as the fraction 3/4. 
decimal
decimal
[名詞]

(mathematics) a number less than one, called a fraction, that is represented as a period followed by the number of tenths, hundredths, etc.

小数, 十進数

小数, 十進数

Ex: In mathematics, decimals are a way to represent fractions or portions of a whole using a decimal point. 

数学において、小数は小数点を使用して分数または全体の一部を表す方法です。

percentage
percentage
[名詞]

a number or amount expressed as a fraction of 100

パーセンテージ

パーセンテージ

Ex: What percentage of your income do you spend on rent each month? 
symmetry
symmetry
[名詞]

the quality of having two halves that are exactly the same, which are separated by an axis

対称

対称

Ex: The butterfly's wings display perfect symmetry along its body. 

蝶の羽は体に沿って完璧な対称性を示しています。

coordinate
coordinate
[名詞]

any set of numbers that represents an exact position on a map or graph

座標, 地理座標

座標, 地理座標

Ex: The GPS coordinates 35.6895° N, 139.6917° E lead to Tokyo. 
sum
sum
[名詞]

the whole amount of numbers added together

合計, 総額

合計, 総額

Ex: We need to find the sum of all the expenses to create a budget. 
calculation
calculation
[名詞]

the process of using mathematics to determine a number, amount, or result

Ex: Emma made a quick calculation to estimate the cost of the trip. 
multiple
multiple
[名詞]

a number or quantity that can be divided exactly by another particular number

倍数

倍数

Ex: Twelve is a multiple of three. 
prime number
prime number
[名詞]

a number greater than 1 with only two devisors which can be itself or 1

素数

素数

Ex: 7 is a prime number because its only divisors are 1 and 7. 

7は素数です。なぜなら、その約数は1と7だけだからです。

composite number

a positive number that is the multiple of two or more numbers except for 1 and the number itself

合成数, 非素数

合成数, 非素数

addition
addition
[名詞]

the calculation of the total of two or more numbers added together

足し算, 加算

足し算, 加算

Ex: Addition is the process of combining two or more numbers to get a total. 
subtraction
subtraction
[名詞]

the mathematical process of finding the difference between two numbers, quantities, or expressions

引き算, 減算

引き算, 減算

Ex: The student practiced subtraction problems for homework. 

生徒は宿題で引き算の問題を練習しました。

multiplication

the process or action of adding a number to itself a specific number of times

乗算

乗算

Ex: Multiplication is one of the four basic operations in math, along with addition, subtraction, and division. 

掛け算は、足し算、引き算、割り算と並んで、数学の四つの基本演算の一つです。

division
division
[名詞]

the process of calculating how many times a number can contain another number

除算, 分割

除算, 分割

Ex: In division, the number being divided is called the dividend. 
probability
probability
[名詞]

a mathematical measure of how likely an event is to occur, expressed as a number between zero and one

Ex: The probability of rolling a six is one in six. 
variable
variable
[名詞]

(mathematics) a quantity that is capable of assuming different values in a calculation

変数

変数

Ex: The value of a variable in an equation can be solved for using techniques like substitution or elimination. 
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