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動物 - 動物の種類

ここでは「哺乳類」「害虫」「霊長類」など、さまざまな種類の動物の名前を英語で学びます。

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Words Related to Animals
mammal
[名詞]

a class of animals to which humans, cows, lions, etc. belong, have warm blood, fur or hair and typically produce milk to feed their young

哺乳類 (ほにゅうるい), 哺乳動物 (ほにゅうどうぶつ)

哺乳類 (ほにゅうるい), 哺乳動物 (ほにゅうどうぶつ)

Ex: Humans are classified mammals because they nurse their young .
amphibian
[名詞]

any cold-blooded animal with the ability to live both on land and in water, such as toads, frogs, etc.

両生類(りょうせいるい), 両生動物(りょうせいどうぶつ)

両生類(りょうせいるい), 両生動物(りょうせいどうぶつ)

Ex: amphibians, such as the African clawed frog , are commonly kept as pets in home aquariums .
monotreme
[名詞]

any mammal that lays eggs and is only found in Australia, such as platypus

単孔類 (たんこうるい), モノトレーム

単孔類 (たんこうるい), モノトレーム

marsupial
[名詞]

any of the order of mammals that carry their young babies in a pouch, such as kangaroos, found either in Australia or Americas

有袋類, マルスピアル

有袋類, マルスピアル

arachnid
[名詞]

a class of terrestrial arthropods that breathe air and have four pairs of limbs, such as spiders, scorpions, etc.

クモ類, 節足動物の一群

クモ類, 節足動物の一群

insect
[名詞]

a small creature such as a bee or ant that has six legs, and generally one or two pairs of wings

昆虫(こんちゅう), 虫(むし)

昆虫(こんちゅう), 虫(むし)

Ex: The butterfly is a colorful and insect.
bird
[名詞]

an animal with a beak, wings, and feathers that is usually capable of flying

鳥(とり), バード

鳥(とり), バード

Ex: We enjoyed hearing bird's melodic song from afar .
fish
[名詞]

an animal with a tail, gills and fins that lives in water

魚(さかな), フィッシュ

魚(さかな), フィッシュ

Ex: We saw a group fish swimming together near the coral reef .
bug
[名詞]

any type of small insect

虫 (むし), バグ

虫 (むし), バグ

Ex: bugs are harmless , while others can be dangerous .
reptile
[名詞]

a class of animals to which crocodiles, lizards, etc. belong, characterized by having cold blood and scaly skin

爬虫類 (はちゅうるい), 爬虫 (はちゅう)

爬虫類 (はちゅうるい), 爬虫 (はちゅう)

Ex: Reptiles are cold-blooded and rely on external heat sources to regulate their body temperature .
rodent
[名詞]

any small mammal with a pair of strong front teeth, such as mice, hamsters, rats, etc.

齧歯類(げっしるい), ネズミ類(ねずみるい)

齧歯類(げっしるい), ネズミ類(ねずみるい)

Ex: Porcupines , although not commonly thought of as rodents , are classified in rodent family and are known for their quills used as defense mechanisms .
pachyderm
[名詞]

any of the mammals that are categorized by thick skin and large hooves, such as elephants, rhinoceroses and hippopotami

厚皮動物(あつひどうぶつ), 皮膚厚い動物(ひふあついどうぶつ)

厚皮動物(あつひどうぶつ), 皮膚厚い動物(ひふあついどうぶつ)

flatfish
[名詞]

any bottom-dwelling marine fish with a flat body, a color similar to the seabed and both eyes on the upper side of the body

ヒラメ, カレイ

ヒラメ, カレイ

an aquatic animal that feeds at the bottom of a lake, river, etc.

底生生物(ていせいせいぶつ), ボトムフィーダー

底生生物(ていせいせいぶつ), ボトムフィーダー

bird of prey
[名詞]

a bird, such as an eagle or a hawk, that feeds on animal flesh

猛禽類(もうきんるい), 肉食鳥(にくしょくちょう)

猛禽類(もうきんるい), 肉食鳥(にくしょくちょう)

songbird
[名詞]

any bird that makes a musical call

歌い鳥(うたいどり), 歌鳥(うたどり)

歌い鳥(うたいどり), 歌鳥(うたどり)

queen
[名詞]

a large female insect that is fertile and can lay eggs in an insect colony

女王バチ, 女王蟻

女王バチ, 女王蟻

pack animal
[名詞]

a strong mammal used for carrying heavy loads, also known as a beast of burden

荷役用動物, 荷物運搬動物

荷役用動物, 荷物運搬動物

carnivore
[名詞]

an animal that feeds on the flesh of other animals

肉食動物 (にくしょくどうぶつ), 肉食性の動物 (にくしょくせいのどうぶつ)

肉食動物 (にくしょくどうぶつ), 肉食性の動物 (にくしょくせいのどうぶつ)

Ex: Hyenas are carnivores known for their distinctive laughs .
herbivore
[名詞]

any animal that only feeds on plants

草食動物 (そうしょくどうぶつ), 草食性の動物 (そうしょくせいのどうぶつ)

草食動物 (そうしょくどうぶつ), 草食性の動物 (そうしょくせいのどうぶつ)

Ex: Giraffes use their long necks to reach leaves high in trees , typical herbivores.
omnivore
[名詞]

an animal or person that feeds on a wide range of both plants and meat

雑食動物 (ざっしょくどうぶつ), 雑食者 (ざっしょくしゃ)

雑食動物 (ざっしょくどうぶつ), 雑食者 (ざっしょくしゃ)

Ex: The panda is a omnivore, consuming bamboo shoots as well as small animals .
insectivore
[名詞]

an animal that primarily feeds on insects or other small invertebrates

昆虫食(こんちゅうしょく), 虫食(むししょく)

昆虫食(こんちゅうしょく), 虫食(むししょく)

game bird
[名詞]

a bird that is hunted by people either for sport or food

狩猟鳥 (しゅりょうちょう), ゲームバード

狩猟鳥 (しゅりょうちょう), ゲームバード

any tropical bird, the male of which is colorful and displays unique courtship skills, originated in Papua New Guinea and Australia

極楽鳥 (ごくらくちょう),  paradiseflies (パラダイスバード)

極楽鳥 (ごくらくちょう), paradiseflies (パラダイスバード)

any bird that migrates regularly from a region to another in different seasons of the year

seabird
[名詞]

a bird that lives near the sea

海鳥(うみどり), シービード

海鳥(うみどり), シービード

waterfowl
[名詞]

any aquatic bird, especially a game bird of fresh waters

水鳥 (みずどり), 水禽 (すいきん)

水鳥 (みずどり), 水禽 (すいきん)

vermin
[名詞]

small animals or insects that are believed to be destructive and are difficult to handle when they appear in a considerable number

害獣, 有害生物

害獣, 有害生物

Ex: During the medieval timesvermin like fleas and lice were rampant and often spread diseases .
predator
[名詞]

any animal that lives by hunting and eating other animals

捕食者 (ほしょくしゃ), 肉食動物 (にくしょくどうぶつ)

捕食者 (ほしょくしゃ), 肉食動物 (にくしょくどうぶつ)

Ex: Jaguars , with powerful jaws and keen senses , are predators in the dense rainforests of South America .
game
[名詞]

animals or birds that are hunted for food or sport

ゲーム, 獣(けもの)

ゲーム, 獣(けもの)

arthropod
[名詞]

an invertebrate animal with a segmented body and a chitinous exoskeleton, such as a spider, crab, etc.

節足動物 (せっそくどうぶつ), 甲殻類 (こうかくるい)

節足動物 (せっそくどうぶつ), 甲殻類 (こうかくるい)

Ex: Arthropods molt their exoskeletons as they grow larger .
invertebrate
[名詞]

species that do not possess or cannot develop a spinal column, such as an arthropod, mollusk, etc.

無脊椎動物(むせきついどうぶつ), 無脊椎生物(むせきついせいぶつ)

無脊椎動物(むせきついどうぶつ), 無脊椎生物(むせきついせいぶつ)

Ex: She studied invertebrates in biology class , including earthworms and jellyfish .
vertebrate
[名詞]

a large group of animals characterized by the possession of a backbone or spinal column, including mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and fishes

脊椎動物 (せきついどうぶつ), 脊椎生物 (せきついせいぶつ)

脊椎動物 (せきついどうぶつ), 脊椎生物 (せきついせいぶつ)

poultry
[名詞]

turkeys, chickens, geese, ducks, etc. that are kept for their eggs and meat

家禽(かきん), 鶏肉(けいにく)

家禽(かきん), 鶏肉(けいにく)

Ex: He enjoys poultry in his backyard as a hobby .
predatory
[形容詞]

(of wild animals) living by preying on other animals, especially live animals

捕食性の, 肉食の

捕食性の, 肉食の

Ex: The owlpredatory gaze followed the movement of a mouse on the forest floor .
prey
[名詞]

an animal that is hunted and eaten by another animal

獲物, えもの

獲物, えもの

fowl
[名詞]

a domesticated bird that is particularly kept for its meat and eggs

家禽(かきん), 鳥(とり)

家禽(かきん), 鳥(とり)

Ex: fowl, such as ducks and geese , migrate to warmer climates during winter .
big cat
[名詞]

any large wild animal of the cat family, such as lions, tigers, etc.

ビッグキャット, 大型猫

ビッグキャット, 大型猫

bovid
[形容詞]

a group of mammals, including cows, buffalo, bison, and antelopes, that are characterized by cloven hooves and ruminant digestion

ウシ科の, 反芻の

ウシ科の, 反芻の

antelope
[名詞]

a quadruped mammal with a slender build and curved horns that is native to Africa or Eurasia

アンテロープ, 羚羊(れいよう)

アンテロープ, 羚羊(れいよう)

primate
[名詞]

any mammalian animal that belongs to the same group as humans, such as monkeys, apes, lemurs, etc.

霊長類(れいちょうるい), プライメート

霊長類(れいちょうるい), プライメート

ruminant
[名詞]

a quadruped mammal that is herbivorous and has a complex digestive system from which it can bring the food back to its mouth and chew it again

反芻動物(はんすうどうぶつ), 反芻類(はんすうるい)

反芻動物(はんすうどうぶつ), 反芻類(はんすうるい)

vector
[名詞]

an organism, typically an insect or a tick, that transmits a pathogen or parasite from one host to another

ベクター, 媒介生物

ベクター, 媒介生物

stray
[名詞]

a domestic animal that is lost, abandoned or wandering without an owner

迷い犬 (まよいぬ), 迷い猫 (まよいねこ)

迷い犬 (まよいぬ), 迷い猫 (まよいねこ)

quadruped
[名詞]

an animal with four legs, such as dogs, cats, horses, and cows

四足動物, 四足獣

四足動物, 四足獣

polymorph
[名詞]

a type of marine invertebrate that can change its shape and form through a process called polymorphism

多形性生物(たけいせいせいぶつ), ポリモルフ

多形性生物(たけいせいせいぶつ), ポリモルフ

pollinator
[名詞]

an animal, typically an insect or a bird, that transfers pollen from one flower to another

花粉媒介者(かふんばいかいしゃ), 受粉者(じゅふんしゃ)

花粉媒介者(かふんばいかいしゃ), 受粉者(じゅふんしゃ)

pest
[名詞]

an insect or small animal that destroys or damages crops, food, etc.

害虫, 害獣

害虫, 害獣

mollusk
[名詞]

any invertebrate that lives in aquatic or damp habitats and has a soft unsegmented body, often covered with a shell

軟体動物(なんたいどうぶつ), 貝類(ばいるい)

軟体動物(なんたいどうぶつ), 貝類(ばいるい)

Ex: mollusks, like snails , move slowly using a muscular foot .
gastropod
[名詞]

a type of mollusk with a single, usually spirally coiled shell, a muscular foot, and a head with sensory tentacles and a mouth

腹足類(はらあしるい), カタツムリ(海のカタツムリも含む)

腹足類(はらあしるい), カタツムリ(海のカタツムリも含む)

a fish that can not survive in salty waters and usually lives in lakes or rivers

淡水魚(あんすいぎょ), 淡水の魚(あんすいのさかな)

淡水魚(あんすいぎょ), 淡水の魚(あんすいのさかな)

a fish that can survive in salty water and lives in oceans, also known as marine fish

塩水魚, 海水魚

塩水魚, 海水魚

sea fish
[名詞]

a fish that can survive the salty water of the sea

海魚(かいぎょ), 海の魚(うみのうお)

海魚(かいぎょ), 海の魚(うみのうお)

wildlife
[名詞]

all wild animals, considered as a whole, living in the natural environment

野生動物 (やせいどうぶつ), 動植物 (どうしょくぶつ)

野生動物 (やせいどうぶつ), 動植物 (どうしょくぶつ)

Ex: The government has enacted laws to protect wildlife.
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