언어학 - 언어 학습 및 숙련도

a way of instruction through repetition and a lot of practice

연습, 훈련

the quality of being able to speak or write very well and easily in a foreign language

유창함, 능숙함

the quality of being unintelligible and impossible to understand

비이해성, 이해할 수 없는 상태

the act of paying careful attention to hear a sound

청취, 듣기

someone who has learned a language as their first language, and not as a foreign language

모국어 화자, 네이티브 스피커

a spoken test

구술, 구술 시험

the act or process of looking at a written or printed piece and comprehending its meaning

독서, 읽기

the act of producing speech in a way that is comprehensible

말하기, 표현

the activity or skill of making words on paper or a screen to express ideas or information

쓰기, 작성

the state or quality of being without any errors

정확도, 정확성

a test that must be passed in the US by students who want to continue their education after their first degree

GRE

an internationally recognized standardized test that measures the English language proficiency of non-native speakers who wish to study or work in English-speaking countries

외국어로서의 영어 시험, 영어 능력 시험

an internationally recognized English language proficiency test that assesses the English skills of non-native speakers

국제 영어 시험 시스템, 국제 영어 테스트

a language teaching approach that emphasizes the development of listening and speaking skills through repetitive drills and pattern practice, with a focus on accurate pronunciation and grammatical structures

오디오링구얼 방법, 오디오링구얼 접근

the information, understanding, and experiences that an individual possesses prior to encountering a specific topic or situation

배경 지식, 사전 지식

a beginner level of skill or understanding in a subject or activity that is introductory or rudimentary

기본, 기초

the act of understanding something without actively doing anything or making an effort

수동적 이해, 비활동적 이해

a mistake, inaccuracy, or deviation from correctness in language production or comprehension

오류

an instructional approach that emphasizes meaningful and authentic tasks to develop language skills in real-world contexts

과제 기반 학습, 태스크 기반 학습

the interactive process between a language learner and interlocutor, where modifications and clarifications are made in the language input to ensure better comprehension and learning

협상된 입력, 협상된 인풋

the language production of a learner that is collaboratively constructed and modified through interaction with others, allowing for feedback, clarification, and refinement of language skills

협상된 산출물, 협상된 출력

the desire to learn a language in order to integrate into the target language community, understand its culture, establish social connections, or develop a sense of belonging and identity within that community

통합 동기, 통합적 동기

the desire to learn a language for practical purposes, such as advancing career prospects, obtaining a job, or achieving specific goals, rather than for intrinsic or personal reasons

도구적 동기, 실용적 동기

the process in second language acquisition where errors or non-native features become permanently ingrained and resistant to correction, even after prolonged exposure to the target language

화석화, 고착

the linguistic system that emerges during second language acquisition, characterized by a combination of the learner's native language and the target language, incorporating both correct and incorrect features as the learner progresses towards proficiency

인터랭귀지, 중간 언어

a language that a person learns after their first language, often through formal education or exposure to a different culture or community

제2외국어, 두 번째 언어

the ability to produce language, either through speaking or writing, in order to convey meaning and communicate with others

생산적 기술, 생산 능력

the ability to understand and comprehend language, either through listening or reading, in order to extract meaning and comprehend the message being conveyed

수용적 능력, 리셉티브 스킬

an individual who has acquired a high level of proficiency in a second or additional language, demonstrating a command of the language that is very close to that of a native speaker in terms of fluency, accuracy, and cultural competence

준모국어 화자, 거의 모국어 화자

a widely recognized framework used to describe language proficiency levels in various languages

유럽 공통 언어 참조 프레임, CEFR

(linguistics) the process of using the knowledge of a known language while learning a new one by a bilingual or multilingual individual

언어 전이, 언어 이동

the ability of an individual to speak and understand two languages proficiently

이중언어주의

a person who speaks or is fluent in only one language

모노링궐

a person who can speak and understand two different languages with ease and fluency

이중 언어 구사자

the ability to speak and understand multiple languages, which allows individuals to communicate effectively and engage with diverse cultures and communities

다언어주의, 다국어 사용 능력

a test that high school students take before college or university in the US

SAT (시험), SAT시험