登录
the quality of being able to speak or write very well and easily in a foreign language
流利
someone who has learned a language as their first language, and not as a foreign language
母语者
the act or process of looking at a written or printed piece and comprehending its meaning
阅读
a test that must be passed in the US by students who want to continue their education after their first degree
GRE
an internationally recognized standardized test that measures the English language proficiency of non-native speakers who wish to study or work in English-speaking countries
英语作为外语考试
an internationally recognized English language proficiency test that assesses the English skills of non-native speakers
国际英语语言测试系统
a language teaching approach that emphasizes the development of listening and speaking skills through repetitive drills and pattern practice, with a focus on accurate pronunciation and grammatical structures
听说法
the information, understanding, and experiences that an individual possesses prior to encountering a specific topic or situation
背景知识
the act of understanding something without actively doing anything or making an effort
被动理解
a mistake, inaccuracy, or deviation from correctness in language production or comprehension
错误
an instructional approach that emphasizes meaningful and authentic tasks to develop language skills in real-world contexts
任务导向学习
the interactive process between a language learner and interlocutor, where modifications and clarifications are made in the language input to ensure better comprehension and learning
谈判输入
the language production of a learner that is collaboratively constructed and modified through interaction with others, allowing for feedback, clarification, and refinement of language skills
谈判输出
the desire to learn a language in order to integrate into the target language community, understand its culture, establish social connections, or develop a sense of belonging and identity within that community
整合性动机
the desire to learn a language for practical purposes, such as advancing career prospects, obtaining a job, or achieving specific goals, rather than for intrinsic or personal reasons
工具性动机
the process in second language acquisition where errors or non-native features become permanently ingrained and resistant to correction, even after prolonged exposure to the target language
化石化
the linguistic system that emerges during second language acquisition, characterized by a combination of the learner's native language and the target language, incorporating both correct and incorrect features as the learner progresses towards proficiency
中介语言
a language that a person learns after their first language, often through formal education or exposure to a different culture or community
第二语言
the ability to produce language, either through speaking or writing, in order to convey meaning and communicate with others
生产性技能
the ability to understand and comprehend language, either through listening or reading, in order to extract meaning and comprehend the message being conveyed
接受性技能
an individual who has acquired a high level of proficiency in a second or additional language, demonstrating a command of the language that is very close to that of a native speaker in terms of fluency, accuracy, and cultural competence
近母语者
a widely recognized framework used to describe language proficiency levels in various languages
欧洲语言共同参考框架
(linguistics) the process of using the knowledge of a known language while learning a new one by a bilingual or multilingual individual
语言转移
the ability of an individual to speak and understand two languages proficiently
双语能力
a person who can speak and understand two different languages with ease and fluency
双语者
the ability to speak and understand multiple languages, which allows individuals to communicate effectively and engage with diverse cultures and communities
多语言能力
