زبان‌شناسی - یادگیری و مهارت زبان

a way of instruction through repetition and a lot of practice

تمرین مکرر

the quality of being able to speak or write very well and easily in a foreign language

فصاحت, سلاست، تسلط

the quality of being unintelligible and impossible to understand

غیرقابل‌فهم‌بودن

the act of paying careful attention to hear a sound

شنیدار

someone who has learned a language as their first language, and not as a foreign language

بومی زبان

a spoken test

امتحان شفاهی

the act or process of looking at a written or printed piece and comprehending its meaning

خواندن, مطالعه

the act of producing speech in a way that is comprehensible

گفتار, تکلم

the activity of writing as a linguistic skill

نگارش

the state or quality of being without any errors

دقت, درستی

a test that must be passed in the US by students who want to continue their education after their first degree

آزمون جی‌آرئی

an internationally recognized standardized test that measures the English language proficiency of non-native speakers who wish to study or work in English-speaking countries

تافل

an internationally recognized English language proficiency test that assesses the English skills of non-native speakers

*آیلتس

a language teaching approach that emphasizes the development of listening and speaking skills through repetitive drills and pattern practice, with a focus on accurate pronunciation and grammatical structures

روش آدیو زبانی, رویکرد آدیو زبانی

the information, understanding, and experiences that an individual possesses prior to encountering a specific topic or situation

دانش زمینه‌ای, دانش پیشین

a level of proficiency or knowledge that is introductory or rudimentary

مبانی, دانش پایه

the act of understanding something without actively doing anything or making an effort

فهم منفعل, درک غیرفعال

a mistake, inaccuracy, or deviation from correctness in language production or comprehension

خطا

an instructional approach that emphasizes meaningful and authentic tasks to develop language skills in real-world contexts

آموزش مبتنی بر کار, آموزش هدف‌محور

the interactive process between a language learner and interlocutor, where modifications and clarifications are made in the language input to ensure better comprehension and learning

ورودی مذاکره شده, ورود مذاکره ای

the language production of a learner that is collaboratively constructed and modified through interaction with others, allowing for feedback, clarification, and refinement of language skills

خروجی مذاکره شده, تولید مذاکره‌ای

the desire to learn a language in order to integrate into the target language community, understand its culture, establish social connections, or develop a sense of belonging and identity within that community

انگیزه یکپارچگی, انگیزه ادغام

the desire to learn a language for practical purposes, such as advancing career prospects, obtaining a job, or achieving specific goals, rather than for intrinsic or personal reasons

انگیزه ابزاری, انگیزه عملی

the process in second language acquisition where errors or non-native features become permanently ingrained and resistant to correction, even after prolonged exposure to the target language

فسیل‌سازی, سخت‌شدن

the linguistic system that emerges during second language acquisition, characterized by a combination of the learner's native language and the target language, incorporating both correct and incorrect features as the learner progresses towards proficiency

زبان میانجی, زبان بینابینی

a language that a person learns after their first language, often through formal education or exposure to a different culture or community

زبان دوم

the ability to produce language, either through speaking or writing, in order to convey meaning and communicate with others

مهارت تولیدی, توانایی تولید

the ability to understand and comprehend language, either through listening or reading, in order to extract meaning and comprehend the message being conveyed

مهارت درک, مهارت پذیرش

an individual who has acquired a high level of proficiency in a second or additional language, demonstrating a command of the language that is very close to that of a native speaker in terms of fluency, accuracy, and cultural competence

گوینده نزدیک به زبان مادری, گوینده شبه مادری

a widely recognized framework used to describe language proficiency levels in various languages

*چارچوب اروپایی مشترک مرجع برای زبان‌ها

(linguistics) the process of using the knowledge of a known language while learning a new one by a bilingual or multilingual individual

انتقال زبانی (زبان‌شناسی)

the ability of an individual to speak and understand two languages proficiently

دو زبانه‌گی

a person who speaks or is fluent in only one language

فرد تک‌زبانه

a person who can speak and understand two different languages with ease and fluency

فرد دوزبانه

the ability to speak and understand multiple languages, which allows individuals to communicate effectively and engage with diverse cultures and communities

چندزبانگی, چندزبانی

a test that high school students take before college or university in the US

آزمون اس‌اِی‌تی