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Lista Słówek Poziomu C2 - Zjawiska naturalne i zanieczyszczenia

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CEFR C2 Vocabulary
calamity
[Rzeczownik]

an event causing great and often sudden damage, distress, or destruction

katastrofa, tragedia

katastrofa, tragedia

Ex: The dam 's failure resulted in calamity, with a massive flood sweeping through the downstream areas .
cataclysm
[Rzeczownik]

a sudden, violent natural disaster that drastically alters the earth's landscape

kataklizm, kataklizm naturalny

kataklizm, kataklizm naturalny

Ex: Landslides and rock avalanches are examples of relatively common cataclysms that can develop with little warning .
ravage
[Rzeczownik]

action that breeds severe damage or destruction

zniszczenie, spustoszenie

zniszczenie, spustoszenie

Ex: The invasive species caused ravage of local ecosystems , impacting native flora and fauna .
conflagration
[Rzeczownik]

an extremely intense and destructive fire

pożar, konflagracja

pożar, konflagracja

Ex: The museum 's archives were tragically lost in conflagration, erasing invaluable historical documents and artifacts .
scourge
[Rzeczownik]

a cause of widespread suffering or affliction

plaga, b Rama

plaga, b Rama

Ex: Tsunamis are a scourge for coastal populations , causing immense destruction with their powerful waves .
aftershock
[Rzeczownik]

a smaller earthquake or tremor that follows the main shock of a seismic event

wstrząs wtórny, efekt wtórny

wstrząs wtórny, efekt wtórny

Ex: Residents experienced anxiety aftershocks continued to shake the area , prompting some to seek temporary shelter .
temblor
[Rzeczownik]

an earthquake caused by underground movement or volcanic activity

wstrząs ziemi, trzęsienie ziemi

wstrząs ziemi, trzęsienie ziemi

Ex: The school conducted earthquake drills to ensure students knew what to do in the event of temblor.
deluge
[Rzeczownik]

a sudden and heavy rainfall

ulewa, nawałnica

ulewa, nawałnica

Ex: The weather forecast warned of an deluge, urging residents to prepare for potential flooding and power outages .
salvage
[Rzeczownik]

the act of saving or rescuing a ship or its cargo from loss, damage, or destruction

odzysk, ratunek

odzysk, ratunek

Ex: salvage operation successfully recovered the cargo from the grounded ship , preventing environmental damage .
epicenter
[Rzeczownik]

the point on the surface of the earth vertically above the focus of an earthquake where its effects are felt most strongly

epicentrum, centrum sejsmiczne

epicentrum, centrum sejsmiczne

Ex: During the pandemic , the city became epicenter of the outbreak , with hospitals struggling to manage the influx of patients .
waterspout
[Rzeczownik]

a tornado occurring over a body of water, characterized by a funnel-shaped cloud filled with water droplets or spray

wodny wir, pożar wody

wodny wir, pożar wody

Ex: Residents along the waterfront observed waterspout moving towards the shore , causing momentary concern .
incinerator
[Rzeczownik]

a waste treatment process that involves the combustion of substances contained in waste materials

piec do spalania odpadów, inkenerator

piec do spalania odpadów, inkenerator

Ex: incinerator in the power plant contributes to electricity generation by burning coal and other combustible materials .
biohazard
[Rzeczownik]

a risk to human health or to the environment caused by a biological source, especially microorganisms

biohazard, zagrożenie biologiczne

biohazard, zagrożenie biologiczne

Ex: Biohazard warning signs were posted around the contaminated area to alert people of the potential danger from biological sources .
sludge
[Rzeczownik]

a thick, muddy substance often found at the bottom of liquids, like wastewater or industrial fluids

szlam, błoto

szlam, błoto

Ex: Efforts to clean the oil spill involved specialized equipment to skim sludge off the water surface .
soot
[Rzeczownik]

a black powdery substance produced by burning materials like wood or coal

sadza, pozostałość

sadza, pozostałość

Ex: Historic buildings may undergo periodic cleaning to remove soot from their facades .
effluent
[Rzeczownik]

liquid waste or sewage discharged into rivers, lakes, or the sea

ścieki, odpad płynny

ścieki, odpad płynny

Ex: effluent from agricultural fields , rich in fertilizers and pesticides , often finds its way into nearby streams , causing pollution and ecosystem imbalances .
detritus
[Rzeczownik]

waste or debris produced by the disintegration or decomposition of organic or inorganic matter

detrytus, resztki

detrytus, resztki

Ex: Cleanup efforts focused on detritus from the riverbanks to restore the natural habitat .

a durable and lightweight plastic widely used for making bottles and food containers due to its strength and recyclability

politereftalan etylenu, PET

politereftalan etylenu, PET

Ex: Polyethylene terephthalate can be identified by the number " 1 " in the recycling symbol , indicating that it is accepted by most curbside recycling programs .
hazmat suit
[Rzeczownik]

a protective garment worn by workers to safeguard against exposure to hazardous substances or environments

kombinezon ochronny, kombinezon hazmat

kombinezon ochronny, kombinezon hazmat

Ex: Cleanup crews hazmat suits worked diligently to decontaminate the site after the chemical spill , ensuring no traces of the hazardous material remained .
fallout
[Rzeczownik]

airborne particles, such as dust or debris, that settle after a nuclear explosion or similar event

opad radioaktywny, zanieczyszczenie radioaktywne

opad radioaktywny, zanieczyszczenie radioaktywne

Ex: The military conducted studies on the behavior fallout particles to better understand their dispersion .
asbestos
[Rzeczownik]

a soft greyish substance that is resistant to fire and heat and was previously used in the buildings, clothing, etc.

azbest, włókno azbestowe

azbest, włókno azbestowe

Ex: Asbestos was once widely used for its fire-resistant properties , but its use has been largely banned due to serious health concerns .
aerosol
[Rzeczownik]

a suspension of tiny particles or droplets in the air

aerosol, aerosolowy rozprysk

aerosol, aerosolowy rozprysk

Ex: During the allergy season , many people suffer from symptoms triggered aerosol particles like pollen and mold spores .
particulate
[Rzeczownik]

a small, discrete particle or substance, especially one suspended in air, such as dust, pollen, or soot

cząsteczka, cząstka stała

cząsteczka, cząstka stała

Ex: The industrial process includes filters to particulates before releasing exhaust into the environment .

a device in a vehicle's exhaust system that reduces the emission of harmful pollutants by promoting chemical reactions that convert them into less harmful substances

katalizator, konwerter katalityczny

katalizator, konwerter katalityczny

Ex: Hybrid vehicles often use catalytic converters to further minimize their environmental impact .
unleaded
[przymiotnik]

not containing lead or other additives harmful to the environment

bezłowy, wolny od ołowiu

bezłowy, wolny od ołowiu

Ex: The automotive industry transitioned unleaded fuel to accommodate the use of catalytic converters in vehicles .
Lista Słówek Poziomu C2
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