pattern

فهرست واژگان سطح C2 - فاجعه و آلودگی

در اینجا تمام کلمات ضروری برای صحبت درباره بلایا و آلودگی را یاد خواهید گرفت، که به طور خاص برای زبان‌آموزان سطح C2 جمع‌آوری شده است.

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املای کلمه

آزمون

شروع یادگیری
CEFR C2 Vocabulary
calamity
calamity
[اسم]

an event causing great and often sudden damage, distress, or destruction

مصیبت, بلا، فاجعه

مصیبت, بلا، فاجعه

Ex: The earthquake was a calamity that devastated the entire city, leaving buildings in ruins. 
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cataclysm
cataclysm
[اسم]

a sudden, violent natural disaster that drastically alters the earth's landscape

دگرگونی ناگهانی سطح زمین (زمین شناسی)

دگرگونی ناگهانی سطح زمین (زمین شناسی)

Ex: The 2004 Indonesian earthquake and tsunami caused a massive cataclysm that claimed over 200,000 lives. 
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ravage
ravage
[اسم]

action that breeds severe damage or destruction

ویرانگری

ویرانگری

Ex: The war's ravage left entire cities in ruins, with homes and infrastructure destroyed. 
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conflagration

an extremely intense and destructive fire

آتش‌سوزی عظیم

آتش‌سوزی عظیم

Ex: The forest was reduced to ashes in the massive conflagration, which raged uncontrollably for days. 
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scourge
scourge
[اسم]

a cause of widespread suffering or affliction

مصیبت

مصیبت

Ex: The pandemic emerged as a global scourge, affecting millions of lives and overwhelming healthcare systems. 
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aftershock
aftershock
[اسم]

a smaller earthquake or tremor that follows the main shock of a seismic event

پس‌لرزه

پس‌لرزه

Ex: Following the major earthquake, a series of aftershocks rattled the region, causing further concern among residents. 
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temblor
temblor
[اسم]

an earthquake caused by underground movement or volcanic activity

زلزله

زلزله

Ex: The region experienced a small temblor, causing brief vibrations but no significant damage. 
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deluge
deluge
[اسم]

a sudden and heavy rainfall

باران سیل‌آسا

باران سیل‌آسا

Ex: The deluge caused flash flooding throughout the city, overwhelming the drainage systems and submerging streets. 
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salvage
salvage
[اسم]

the action of rescuing a ship, its crew, or its cargo from a shipwreck, fire, or similar disaster

نجات کشتی یا محموله

نجات کشتی یا محموله

Ex: The crew performed a daring salvage of the stranded vessel. 
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epicenter
epicenter
[اسم]

the point on the surface of the earth vertically above the focus of an earthquake where its effects are felt most strongly

کانون زمین‌لرزه, مرکز زلزله

کانون زمین‌لرزه, مرکز زلزله

Ex: The epicenter of the earthquake was located just outside the city, causing widespread damage to buildings and infrastructure. 
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waterspout
waterspout
[اسم]

a tornado occurring over a body of water, characterized by a funnel-shaped cloud filled with water droplets or spray

طوفان دریایی

طوفان دریایی

Ex: The waterspout formed over the lake, creating a mesmerizing yet potentially dangerous spectacle. 
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incinerator
incinerator
[اسم]

a waste treatment process that involves the combustion of substances contained in waste materials

زباله‌سوز

زباله‌سوز

Ex: The city's waste management system includes an incinerator to efficiently dispose of non-recyclable materials. 
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biohazard
biohazard
[اسم]

a risk to human health or to the environment caused by a biological source, especially microorganisms

خطر زیستی

خطر زیستی

Ex: The research facility was shut down after an accidental release of a biohazard, posing a serious risk to public health. 
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sludge
sludge
[اسم]

the semi-solid residue produced during sewage or wastewater treatment

لجن یا ضایعات صنعتی

لجن یا ضایعات صنعتی

Ex: The treatment plant removes sludge from the water before discharge. 
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soot
soot
[اسم]

a black powdery substance produced by burning materials like wood or coal

دوده

دوده

Ex: The old fireplace emitted a cloud of soot, leaving dark stains on the surrounding walls. 
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effluent
effluent
[اسم]

liquid waste or sewage discharged into rivers, lakes, or the sea

فاضلاب, فاضلاب

فاضلاب, فاضلاب

Ex: The factory was fined for discharging untreated effluent directly into the river, harming aquatic life and polluting the water. 
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detritus
detritus
[اسم]

waste or debris produced by the disintegration or decomposition of organic or inorganic matter

ضایعات تجزیه

ضایعات تجزیه

Ex: The forest floor was covered in detritus, including fallen leaves, twigs, and decaying plant matter. 
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hazmat suit
hazmat suit
[اسم]

a protective garment worn by workers to safeguard against exposure to hazardous substances or environments

لباس ایمنی

لباس ایمنی

Ex: The emergency responders donned hazmat suits before entering the contaminated area to protect themselves from hazardous materials. 
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fallout
fallout
[اسم]

airborne particles, such as dust or debris, that settle after a nuclear explosion or similar event

ذرات رادیواکتیو

ذرات رادیواکتیو

Ex: After the nuclear test, the fallout spread over a wide area, causing environmental contamination. 
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aerosol
aerosol
[اسم]

a suspension of fine solid or liquid particles dispersed in a gas

آئروسل, هواپخش

آئروسل, هواپخش

Ex: Volcanic eruptions can release aerosols into the atmosphere. 
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particulate
particulate
[اسم]

a small, discrete particle or substance, especially one suspended in air, such as dust, pollen, or soot

ریزگرد

ریزگرد

Ex: Air quality monitoring stations measure levels of particulate matter to assess pollution levels in urban areas. 
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catalytic converter

a device in a vehicle's exhaust system that reduces the emission of harmful pollutants by promoting chemical reactions that convert them into less harmful substances

مبدل کاتالیزوری

مبدل کاتالیزوری

Ex: The catalytic converter plays a crucial role in reducing harmful emissions from automobiles by converting pollutants into less harmful compounds. 
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unleaded
unleaded
[صفت]

not containing lead

بدون سرب

بدون سرب

Ex: Most cars today run on unleaded gasoline. 
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