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C2 Düzeyi Kelime Listesi - Felaket ve Kirlilik

Burada, özellikle C2 seviyesindeki öğrenciler için toplanmış, Afetler ve Kirlilik hakkında konuşmak için gerekli tüm temel kelimeleri öğreneceksiniz.

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CEFR C2 Vocabulary
calamity
calamity
[isim]

an event causing great and often sudden damage, distress, or destruction

musibet

musibet

Ex: The earthquake was a calamity that devastated the entire city, leaving buildings in ruins. 
cataclysm
cataclysm
[isim]

a sudden, violent natural disaster that drastically alters the earth's landscape

yer kabuğundaki ani değişme

yer kabuğundaki ani değişme

Ex: The 2004 Indonesian earthquake and tsunami caused a massive cataclysm that claimed over 200,000 lives. 
ravage
ravage
[isim]

action that breeds severe damage or destruction

tahribat, yıkım

tahribat, yıkım

Ex: The war's ravage left entire cities in ruins, with homes and infrastructure destroyed. 
conflagration

an extremely intense and destructive fire

yangın felâketi

yangın felâketi

Ex: The forest was reduced to ashes in the massive conflagration, which raged uncontrollably for days. 
scourge
scourge
[isim]

a cause of widespread suffering or affliction

felaket, belâ

felaket, belâ

Ex: The pandemic emerged as a global scourge, affecting millions of lives and overwhelming healthcare systems. 
aftershock

a smaller earthquake or tremor that follows the main shock of a seismic event

artçı şok, ikincil sarsıntı

artçı şok, ikincil sarsıntı

Ex: Following the major earthquake, a series of aftershocks rattled the region, causing further concern among residents. 
temblor
temblor
[isim]

an earthquake caused by underground movement or volcanic activity

deprem, zelzele

deprem, zelzele

Ex: The region experienced a small temblor, causing brief vibrations but no significant damage. 
deluge
deluge
[isim]

a sudden and heavy rainfall

sel, şiddetli yağmur

sel, şiddetli yağmur

Ex: The deluge caused flash flooding throughout the city, overwhelming the drainage systems and submerging streets. 
salvage
salvage
[isim]

the action of rescuing a ship, its crew, or its cargo from a shipwreck, fire, or similar disaster

kurtarma, kurtarım

kurtarma, kurtarım

Ex: The crew performed a daring salvage of the stranded vessel. 
epicenter
epicenter
[isim]

the point on the surface of the earth vertically above the focus of an earthquake where its effects are felt most strongly

deprem odağı

deprem odağı

Ex: The epicenter of the earthquake was located just outside the city, causing widespread damage to buildings and infrastructure. 
waterspout

a tornado occurring over a body of water, characterized by a funnel-shaped cloud filled with water droplets or spray

su hortumu, deniz hortumu

su hortumu, deniz hortumu

Ex: The waterspout formed over the lake, creating a mesmerizing yet potentially dangerous spectacle. 
incinerator

a waste treatment process that involves the combustion of substances contained in waste materials

yakma fırını, atık yakıcı

yakma fırını, atık yakıcı

Ex: The city's waste management system includes an incinerator to efficiently dispose of non-recyclable materials. 
biohazard
biohazard
[isim]

a risk to human health or to the environment caused by a biological source, especially microorganisms

biyolojik tehlike

biyolojik tehlike

Ex: The research facility was shut down after an accidental release of a biohazard, posing a serious risk to public health. 
sludge
sludge
[isim]

the semi-solid residue produced during sewage or wastewater treatment

çamur, yarı katı atık

çamur, yarı katı atık

Ex: The treatment plant removes sludge from the water before discharge. 
soot
soot
[isim]

a black powdery substance produced by burning materials like wood or coal

is, kurum

is, kurum

Ex: The old fireplace emitted a cloud of soot, leaving dark stains on the surrounding walls. 
effluent
effluent
[isim]

liquid waste or sewage discharged into rivers, lakes, or the sea

atık

atık

Ex: The factory was fined for discharging untreated effluent directly into the river, harming aquatic life and polluting the water. 
detritus
detritus
[isim]

waste or debris produced by the disintegration or decomposition of organic or inorganic matter

döküntü

döküntü

Ex: The forest floor was covered in detritus, including fallen leaves, twigs, and decaying plant matter. 
hazmat suit

a protective garment worn by workers to safeguard against exposure to hazardous substances or environments

tehlikeli maddelere karşı koruyucu elbise

tehlikeli maddelere karşı koruyucu elbise

Ex: The emergency responders donned hazmat suits before entering the contaminated area to protect themselves from hazardous materials. 
fallout
fallout
[isim]

airborne particles, such as dust or debris, that settle after a nuclear explosion or similar event

serpinti, nükleer serpinti

serpinti, nükleer serpinti

Ex: After the nuclear test, the fallout spread over a wide area, causing environmental contamination. 
aerosol
aerosol
[isim]

a suspension of fine solid or liquid particles dispersed in a gas

aerosol

aerosol

Ex: Volcanic eruptions can release aerosols into the atmosphere. 
particulate

a small, discrete particle or substance, especially one suspended in air, such as dust, pollen, or soot

parçacık, partikül madde

parçacık, partikül madde

Ex: Air quality monitoring stations measure levels of particulate matter to assess pollution levels in urban areas. 
catalytic converter

a device in a vehicle's exhaust system that reduces the emission of harmful pollutants by promoting chemical reactions that convert them into less harmful substances

katalitik konvertör, katalizör

katalitik konvertör, katalizör

Ex: The catalytic converter plays a crucial role in reducing harmful emissions from automobiles by converting pollutants into less harmful compounds. 
unleaded
unleaded
[sıfat]

not containing lead

kurşunsuz, kurşunsuz

kurşunsuz, kurşunsuz

Ex: Most cars today run on unleaded gasoline. 
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