Vocabulário para IELTS Academic (Pontuação 8-9) - Chemistry

Aqui, você aprenderá algumas palavras em inglês relacionadas à Química que são necessárias para o exame acadêmico do IELTS.

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solute

[substantivo]

a substance that is dissolved in a solvent, resulting in a solution

soluto, substância dissolvida

Ex: In saltwater, salt (NaCl) is the solute that dissolves in water, the solvent.

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reactant

[substantivo]

a substance that takes part in and undergoes a chemical reaction, leading to the formation of new products

reagente

Ex: In photosynthesis, carbon dioxide (CO₂) and water (H₂O) are the reactants that, in the presence of sunlight, produce glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆) and oxygen (O₂).

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catalyst

[substantivo]

(chemistry) a substance that causes a chemical reaction to happen at a faster rate without undergoing any chemical change itself

catalisador, ativador

Ex: Enzymes are naturally occurring biological catalysts that allow complex metabolic reactions to proceed efficiently in living cells.

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catalysis

[substantivo]

the acceleration or facilitation of a chemical reaction by a substance (catalyst) that remains unchanged at the end of the reaction

catálise, aceleração catalítica

Ex: Enzymatic catalysis plays a key role in biological processes, including the synthesis and breakdown of biomolecules in living organisms.

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covalent bond

[substantivo]

a chemical bond where atoms share electrons to form a stable molecule

ligação covalente, vínculo covalente

Ex: Covalent bonds are like atoms sharing electron hugs to stick together.

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isomer

[substantivo]

any of two or more compounds having the same molecular formula but different arrangements of atoms and, consequently, different properties

isômero, composto isômero

Ex: Propanol and isopropanol are isomers, sharing the same molecular formula but differing in the arrangement of their atoms.

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polymer

[substantivo]

a large molecule composed of repeating structural units, or monomers, covalently bonded together in a chain-like structure

polímero, macromolécula

Ex: Polyethylene is a common polymer used in the production of plastic bags, bottles, and various packaging materials.

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monomer

[substantivo]

a molecule that can chemically bond with other molecules to form a polymer

monômero, molécula monômera

Ex: Ethylene is a monomer that polymerizes to form polyethylene, a widely used plastic.

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hydrocarbon

[substantivo]

a compound composed of hydrogen and carbon atoms, with the simplest form being alkanes, alkenes, or alkynes

hidrocarboneto, composto de hidrogênio e carbono

Ex: Methane (CH₄) is the simplest hydrocarbon, belonging to the alkane group.

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ester

[substantivo]

a chemical compound derived from the reaction between an alcohol and an organic acid, typically with the elimination of water

éster, éster químico

Ex: Ethyl acetate, an ester, is commonly used as a solvent in nail polish removers.

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aldehyde

[substantivo]

an organic compound with a carbonyl group (C=O) bonded to a hydrogen atom and another carbon atom, commonly found in essential oils and used in various chemical processes

aldeído, composto carbonílico

Ex: Acetaldehyde is an aldehyde with a fruity odor, often used in the synthesis of chemicals.

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alcohol

[substantivo]

a compound with a hydroxyl group (-OH) attached to a carbon atom, widely used as solvents, fuels, and in pharmaceutical and chemical synthesis

álcool, etanol

Ex: Ethanol is the alcohol found in alcoholic beverages and is commonly used as a solvent.

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ketone

[substantivo]

an organic compound with a carbonyl group (C=O) bonded to two carbon atoms, commonly found in solvents, pharmaceuticals, and flavorings

cetona, composto carbonílico

Ex: Acetone is a common ketone widely used as a solvent and nail polish remover.

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oxidation-reduction

[substantivo]

a chemical reaction where electrons are transferred between substances

oxidação-redução, reação de oxidação-redução

Ex: The combustion of wood is an oxidation-reduction reaction where wood undergoes oxidation, producing carbon dioxide and water.

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molarity

[substantivo]

the concentration of a solute in a solution, measured in moles per liter (mol/L or M)

molaridade, concentração molar

Ex: A solution with a molarity of 0.5 M means there are 0.5 moles of solute in each liter of the solution.

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electrolyte

[substantivo]

a substance that, when dissolved in a solution, produces ions and enables the conduction of electric current

eletrólito, substância eletrolítica

Ex: Sodium chloride (NaCl) is a common electrolyte that dissociates into sodium ions (Na⁺) and chloride ions (Cl⁻) in solution.

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enthalpy

[substantivo]

a thermodynamic quantity representing the total heat content of a system, commonly denoted as H

entalpia, conteúdo de calor

Ex: In an exothermic reaction, the enthalpy change (ΔH) is negative, indicating a release of heat to the surroundings.

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entropy

[substantivo]

a thermodynamic measure of the degree of disorder or randomness in a system, denoted by S

entropia, desordem termodinâmica

Ex: When ice melts into water at a higher temperature, the entropy of the system increases.

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colloid

[substantivo]

a mixture where small particles of one substance are evenly dispersed in another substance, typically intermediate in size between solution and suspension particles

colóide, dispersão coloidal

Ex: Fog consists of small water droplets dispersed in the air, forming a colloid.

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corrosion

[substantivo]

the gradual destruction of materials by chemical reaction, usually of metals

corrosão

Ex: The pipes in the old house were heavily damaged by corrosion, resulting in leaks throughout the plumbing system.

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alkali

[substantivo]

any water-soluble compound that can turn litmus blue and reacts with an acid to form a salt and water

álcali, base

Ex: Sodium hydroxide is a strong alkali commonly used in soap making.

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Vocabulário para IELTS Academic (Pontuação 8-9)
Comer e Beber	Preparação de Alimentos	Mudar e Formar	Science
Education	Astronomy	Physics	Biology
Chemistry	Geology	Philosophy	Psychology
Matemática e Gráficos	Geometry	Environment	Energia e Potência
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