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Bokabularyo para sa IELTS Academic (Score 8-9) - Kemistri

Dito, matututunan mo ang ilang mga salitang Ingles na may kaugnayan sa Kimika na kinakailangan para sa Academic IELTS exam.

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Vocabulary for Academic IELTS (8)
solute
solute
[Pangngalan]

a substance that is dissolved in a solvent, resulting in a solution

solute, natunaw na sangkap

solute, natunaw na sangkap

Ex: In saltwater, salt (NaCl) is the solute that dissolves in water, the solvent. 

Sa tubig-alat, ang asin (NaCl) ang solute na natutunaw sa tubig, ang solvent.

reactant
reactant
[Pangngalan]

a substance that takes part in and undergoes a chemical reaction, leading to the formation of new products

reaktibo

reaktibo

Ex: In photosynthesis, carbon dioxide (CO₂) and water (H₂O) are the reactants that, in the presence of sunlight, produce glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆) and oxygen (O₂). 

Sa potosintesis, ang carbon dioxide (CO₂) at tubig (H₂O) ang mga reactant na, sa presensya ng sikat ng araw, ay gumagawa ng glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆) at oxygen (O₂).

catalyst
catalyst
[Pangngalan]

(chemistry) a substance that causes a chemical reaction to happen at a faster rate without undergoing any chemical change itself

katalista, aktibador

katalista, aktibador

Ex: Platinum nanoparticles acted as an effective catalyst for the reaction, significantly lowering the activation energy needed. 

Ang mga platinum nanoparticle ay gumana bilang isang epektibong katalista para sa reaksyon, na makabuluhang nagpapababa ng activation energy na kailangan.

catalysis
catalysis
[Pangngalan]

the acceleration or facilitation of a chemical reaction by a substance (catalyst) that remains unchanged at the end of the reaction

katalisis, pagpapabilis ng katalitiko

katalisis, pagpapabilis ng katalitiko

Ex: Enzymatic catalysis plays a key role in biological processes, including the synthesis and breakdown of biomolecules in living organisms. 

Ang catalysis ng enzymatic ay may mahalagang papel sa mga prosesong biyolohikal, kabilang ang synthesis at breakdown ng biomolecules sa mga living organisms.

covalent bond
covalent bond
[Pangngalan]

a chemical bond where atoms share electrons to form a stable molecule

kovalenteng bono, pagbabahagi ng elektron na bono

kovalenteng bono, pagbabahagi ng elektron na bono

Ex: Covalent bonds are like atoms sharing electron hugs to stick together. 

Ang covalent bonds ay parang mga atomo na naghahati ng mga yakap ng electron para manatiling magkasama.

isomer
isomer
[Pangngalan]

any of two or more compounds having the same molecular formula but different arrangements of atoms and, consequently, different properties

isomer, compound na isomer

isomer, compound na isomer

Ex: Propanol and isopropanol are isomers, sharing the same molecular formula but differing in the arrangement of their atoms. 

Ang propanol at isopropanol ay mga isomer, na may parehong molecular formula ngunit magkaiba sa ayos ng kanilang mga atom.

polymer
polymer
[Pangngalan]

a large molecule composed of repeating structural units, or monomers, covalently bonded together in a chain-like structure

polimer, malaking molekula

polimer, malaking molekula

Ex: Polyethylene is a common polymer used in the production of plastic bags, bottles, and various packaging materials. 

Ang polimer ay isang karaniwang polimer na ginagamit sa produksyon ng mga plastic bag, bote, at iba't ibang materyales sa packaging.

monomer
monomer
[Pangngalan]

a molecule that can chemically bond with other molecules to form a polymer

monomer, molekula ng monomer

monomer, molekula ng monomer

Ex: Ethylene is a monomer that polymerizes to form polyethylene, a widely used plastic. 

Ang ethylene ay isang monomer na nagpo-polymerize upang makabuo ng polyethylene, isang malawakang ginagamit na plastik.

hydrocarbon
hydrocarbon
[Pangngalan]

a compound composed of hydrogen and carbon atoms, with the simplest form being alkanes, alkenes, or alkynes

hydrocarbon, kompuesto ng hydrogen at carbon

hydrocarbon, kompuesto ng hydrogen at carbon

Ex: Methane (CH₄) is the simplest hydrocarbon, belonging to the alkane group. 

Ang methane (CH₄) ang pinakasimpleng hydrocarbon, na kabilang sa alkane group.

ester
ester
[Pangngalan]

a chemical compound derived from the reaction between an alcohol and an organic acid, typically with the elimination of water

ester, kemikal na ester

ester, kemikal na ester

Ex: Ethyl acetate, an ester, is commonly used as a solvent in nail polish removers. 

Ang ethyl acetate, isang ester, ay karaniwang ginagamit bilang solvent sa mga pang-alis ng nail polish.

aldehyde
aldehyde
[Pangngalan]

an organic compound with a carbonyl group (C=O) bonded to a hydrogen atom and another carbon atom, commonly found in essential oils and used in various chemical processes

aldehyde, carbonyl compound

aldehyde, carbonyl compound

Ex: Acetaldehyde is an aldehyde with a fruity odor, often used in the synthesis of chemicals. 

Ang aldehyde ay isang aldehyde na may amoy prutas, madalas ginagamit sa synthesis ng mga kemikal.

alcohol
alcohol
[Pangngalan]

a compound with a hydroxyl group (-OH) attached to a carbon atom, widely used as solvents, fuels, and in pharmaceutical and chemical synthesis

alkohol, etanol

alkohol, etanol

Ex: Ethanol is the alcohol found in alcoholic beverages and is commonly used as a solvent. 

Ang ethanol ay ang alkohol na matatagpuan sa mga inuming alkohol at karaniwang ginagamit bilang solvent.

ketone
ketone
[Pangngalan]

an organic compound with a carbonyl group (C=O) bonded to two carbon atoms, commonly found in solvents, pharmaceuticals, and flavorings

ketona, carbonyl compound

ketona, carbonyl compound

Ex: Acetone is a common ketone widely used as a solvent and nail polish remover. 

Ang acetone ay isang karaniwang ketone na malawakang ginagamit bilang solvent at pantanggal ng nail polish.

oxidation-reduction

a chemical reaction where electrons are transferred between substances

oksidasyon-reduksyon, reaksyon ng oksidasyon-reduksyon

oksidasyon-reduksyon, reaksyon ng oksidasyon-reduksyon

Ex: The combustion of wood is an oxidation-reduction reaction where wood undergoes oxidation, producing carbon dioxide and water. 

Ang pagkasunog ng kahoy ay isang oksidasyon-reduksyon na reaksyon kung saan ang kahoy ay sumasailalim sa oksidasyon, na gumagawa ng carbon dioxide at tubig.

molarity
molarity
[Pangngalan]

the concentration of a solute in a solution, measured in moles per liter (mol/L or M)

molaridad, konsentrasyon ng molar

molaridad, konsentrasyon ng molar

Ex: A solution with a molarity of 0.5 M means there are 0.5 moles of solute in each liter of the solution. 

Ang solusyon na may molarity na 0.5 M ay nangangahulugan na mayroong 0.5 moles ng solute sa bawat litro ng solusyon.

electrolyte
electrolyte
[Pangngalan]

a substance that, when dissolved in a solution, produces ions and enables the conduction of electric current

elektrolito, sustansyang elektrolitiko

elektrolito, sustansyang elektrolitiko

Ex: Sodium chloride (NaCl) is a common electrolyte that dissociates into sodium ions (Na⁺) and chloride ions (Cl⁻) in solution. 

Ang sodium chloride (NaCl) ay isang karaniwang electrolyte na nahahati sa sodium ions (Na⁺) at chloride ions (Cl⁻) sa solusyon.

enthalpy
enthalpy
[Pangngalan]

a thermodynamic quantity representing the total heat content of a system, commonly denoted as H

entalpiya, nilalaman ng init

entalpiya, nilalaman ng init

Ex: In an exothermic reaction, the enthalpy change (ΔH) is negative, indicating a release of heat to the surroundings. 

Sa isang exothermic reaction, ang pagbabago ng enthalpy (ΔH) ay negatibo, na nagpapahiwatig ng paglabas ng init sa kapaligiran.

entropy
entropy
[Pangngalan]

a thermodynamic measure of the degree of disorder or randomness in a system, denoted by S

entropiya, kaguluhan sa termodinamika

entropiya, kaguluhan sa termodinamika

Ex: When ice melts into water at a higher temperature, the entropy of the system increases. 

Kapag ang yelo ay natutunaw sa tubig sa mas mataas na temperatura, tumataas ang entropy ng sistema.

colloid
colloid
[Pangngalan]

a mixture where small particles of one substance are evenly dispersed in another substance, typically intermediate in size between solution and suspension particles

kolyoid, dispersyong koloidal

kolyoid, dispersyong koloidal

Ex: Fog consists of small water droplets dispersed in the air, forming a colloid. 

Ang hamog ay binubuo ng maliliit na patak ng tubig na nakakalat sa hangin, na bumubuo ng isang colloid.

corrosion
corrosion
[Pangngalan]

the gradual destruction of materials by chemical reaction, usually of metals

pagkakalawang

pagkakalawang

Ex: The pipes in the old house were heavily damaged by corrosion, resulting in leaks throughout the plumbing system. 

Ang mga tubo sa lumang bahay ay lubhang nasira ng kalawang, na nagresulta sa mga tagas sa buong sistema ng tubo.

alkali
alkali
[Pangngalan]

any water-soluble compound that can turn litmus blue and reacts with an acid to form a salt and water

alkali, base

alkali, base

Ex: Sodium hydroxide is a strong alkali commonly used in soap making. 

Ang sodium hydroxide ay isang malakas na alkali na karaniwang ginagamit sa paggawa ng sabon.

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