IELTS学术词汇 (分数8-9) - Chemistry

在这里,你将学习一些与化学相关的英语单词,这些单词是学术雅思考试所必需的。

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IELTS学术词汇 (分数8-9)
solute [名词]
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溶质

Ex: When sugar ( sucrose ) is added to coffee , sugar serves as the solute that dissolves in the coffee , the solvent .

当糖(蔗糖)加入咖啡时,糖作为溶质溶解在咖啡(溶剂)中。

reactant [名词]
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反应物

Ex: The reactants in the reaction between hydrogen ( H₂ ) and oxygen ( O₂ ) to form water ( H₂O ) are hydrogen and oxygen gases .

氢(H₂)和氧(O₂)反应生成水(H₂O)的反应物是氢气和氧气。

catalyst [名词]
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催化剂

Ex: Platinum nanoparticles acted as an effective catalyst for the reaction , significantly lowering the activation energy needed .

铂纳米颗粒作为反应的催化剂,显著降低了所需的活化能。

catalysis [名词]
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催化

Ex: The catalysis of the enzyme amylase accelerates the hydrolysis of starch into simpler sugars during digestion .

淀粉酶的催化作用在消化过程中加速淀粉水解为更简单的糖。

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共价键

Ex: Atoms share electrons in a covalent bond to make molecules .

原子在共价键中共享电子以形成分子。

isomer [名词]
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异构体

Ex: The structural isomers butane and isobutane both have the molecular formula C₄H₁₀ but exhibit different structural arrangements .

结构异构体丁烷和异丁烷都具有分子式C₄H₁₀,但表现出不同的结构排列。

polymer [名词]
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聚合物

Ex: Nylon , a synthetic polymer , is widely used in the production of textiles , carpets , and other materials .

尼龙,一种合成聚合物,广泛用于纺织品、地毯和其他材料的生产。

monomer [名词]
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单体

Ex: Amino acids are monomers that link together to form proteins through the process of polymerization .

氨基酸是通过聚合过程连接在一起形成蛋白质的单体

hydrocarbon [名词]
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碳氢化合物

Ex: Ethene ( C₂H₄ ) is an unsaturated hydrocarbon with a double bond , classified as an alkene .

乙烯(C₂H₄)是一种具有双键的不饱和,被归类为烯烃。

ester [名词]
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Ex: Diethyl phthalate is an ester often used as a plasticizer in the manufacturing of plastics .

邻苯二甲酸二乙酯是一种,常用作塑料制造中的增塑剂。

aldehyde [名词]
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Ex: Glyoxal is a small aldehyde used in the textile industry for fabric crosslinking .

乙二醛是一种用于纺织工业中织物交联的小

alcohol [名词]
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酒精

Ex:

甲醇,也称为木,用于各种工业过程和作为燃料。

ketone [名词]
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Ex: Dimedone is a cyclic ketone often used in organic synthesis .

二甲基二酮是一种常用于有机合成的环状

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氧化还原

Ex: Cellular respiration is a biological process involving the oxidation-reduction of glucose to produce energy in the form of ATP .

细胞呼吸是一个涉及葡萄糖氧化还原以ATP形式产生能量的生物过程。

molarity [名词]
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摩尔浓度

Ex: The molarity of a hydrochloric acid solution may be expressed as 2 M , indicating 2 moles of HCl per liter .

盐酸溶液的摩尔浓度可以表示为2 M,表示每升2摩尔的HCl。

electrolyte [名词]
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电解质

Ex:

氢氧化钠(NaOH)是一种强电解质,溶解时形成钠离子(Na⁺)和氢氧根离子(OH⁻)。

enthalpy [名词]
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Ex: The enthalpy of combustion is the heat released when a substance undergoes complete combustion with oxygen .

燃烧的是物质与氧气完全燃烧时释放的热量。

entropy [名词]
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Ex: Gas molecules in a container have higher entropy than the same molecules in a more ordered liquid state .

容器中的气体分子比处于更有序液态的相同分子具有更高的

colloid [名词]
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胶体

Ex: Whipped cream is a colloid with air bubbles dispersed in a liquid fat .

打发的奶油是一种胶体,其中气泡分散在液态脂肪中。

corrosion [名词]
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腐蚀

Ex: Regular maintenance is necessary to prevent corrosion and extend the lifespan of metal structures .

定期维护对于防止腐蚀和延长金属结构的使用寿命是必要的。

alkali [名词]
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any water-soluble compound that can turn litmus blue and reacts with an acid to form a salt and water

Ex: Alkalis like potassium carbonate are used to neutralize acids in chemistry labs .