Woordenschat voor IELTS Academic (Score 8-9) - Chemistry

Hier leert u enkele Engelse woorden die verband houden met scheikunde en die nodig zijn voor het Academisch IELTS-examen.

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solute

[zelfstandig naamwoord]

a substance that is dissolved in a solvent, resulting in a solution

oplosmiddel, opgeloste stof

Ex: Dissolving a pain reliever ( e.g. , aspirin ) in water results in the drug acting as solute in the liquid solvent .

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reactant

[zelfstandig naamwoord]

a substance that takes part in and undergoes a chemical reaction, leading to the formation of new products

reagent, reactant

Ex: When iron reacts with sulfur , reactants are iron and sulfur .

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catalyst

[zelfstandig naamwoord]

(chemistry) a substance that causes a chemical reaction to happen at a faster rate without undergoing any chemical change itself

katalysator, katalytisch middel

Ex: In the Haber process , iron is used as catalyst to promote the synthesis of ammonia from nitrogen and hydrogen gases .

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catalysis

[zelfstandig naamwoord]

the acceleration or facilitation of a chemical reaction by a substance (catalyst) that remains unchanged at the end of the reaction

katalyse, versnelling

Ex: Zeolites act as catalysts in refining processes , promoting catalysis of hydrocarbons into valuable products .

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covalent bond

[zelfstandig naamwoord]

a chemical bond where atoms share electrons to form a stable molecule

covalente binding, covalente band

Ex: The air 's like a molecular community , held together covalent bonds, forming a breathable atmosphere .

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isomer

[zelfstandig naamwoord]

any of two or more compounds having the same molecular formula but different arrangements of atoms and, consequently, different properties

isomeer, isomere

Ex: The amino acid isoleucine and the sugar maltose are examples isomers with identical molecular formulas but differing chemical structures .

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polymer

[zelfstandig naamwoord]

a large molecule composed of repeating structural units, or monomers, covalently bonded together in a chain-like structure

polymeer, polymerketen

Ex: Polyester is a versatile polymer used in fabrics , clothing , and plastic bottles .

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monomer

[zelfstandig naamwoord]

a molecule that can chemically bond with other molecules to form a polymer

monomeer, monomere

Ex: Styrene is monomer used in the production of polystyrene , a common plastic and insulation material .

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hydrocarbon

[zelfstandig naamwoord]

a compound composed of hydrogen and carbon atoms, with the simplest form being alkanes, alkenes, or alkynes

waterstofverbinding, koolwaterstof

Ex: Benzene (C₆H₆) is an aromatic hydrocarbon, exhibiting a ring structure with alternating single and double bonds.

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ester

[zelfstandig naamwoord]

a chemical compound derived from the reaction between an alcohol and an organic acid, typically with the elimination of water

ester, esterverbinding

Ex: Ethyl propionate is ester with a fruity odor and is used as a flavoring agent in the food industry .

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aldehyde

[zelfstandig naamwoord]

an organic compound with a carbonyl group (C=O) bonded to a hydrogen atom and another carbon atom, commonly found in essential oils and used in various chemical processes

aldehyde, aldheyd

Ex: Formaldehyde is a aldehyde used in various industrial applications , including the production of resins .

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alcohol

[zelfstandig naamwoord]

a compound with a hydroxyl group (-OH) attached to a carbon atom, widely used as solvents, fuels, and in pharmaceutical and chemical synthesis

alcohol, alcoholische verbinding

Ex: alcohol is used in the production of fragrances , flavorings , and as a solvent in various applications .

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ketone

[zelfstandig naamwoord]

an organic compound with a carbonyl group (C=O) bonded to two carbon atoms, commonly found in solvents, pharmaceuticals, and flavorings

keton, ketoverbinding

Ex: Camphor is ketone found in various plant sources and used in medicinal and flavoring applications .

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oxidation-reduction

[zelfstandig naamwoord]

a chemical reaction where electrons are transferred between substances

oxidatie-reductie, redoxreactie

Ex: Photosynthesis is a biological process that involves oxidation-reduction of water and carbon dioxide to produce glucose and oxygen .

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molarity

[zelfstandig naamwoord]

the concentration of a solute in a solution, measured in moles per liter (mol/L or M)

molaliteit, molariteit

Ex: Hydrogen peroxide with molarity of 6 M means there are 6 moles of H₂O₂ per liter .

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electrolyte

[zelfstandig naamwoord]

a substance that, when dissolved in a solution, produces ions and enables the conduction of electric current

elektrolyt, elektrolytoplossing

Ex: Acetic acid (CH₃COOH) is a weak electrolyte, producing acetate ions (CH₃COO⁻) and hydrogen ions (H⁺) in solution.

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enthalpy

[zelfstandig naamwoord]

a thermodynamic quantity representing the total heat content of a system, commonly denoted as H

enthalpie, warmteinhoud

Ex: Enthalpy plays a role in the analysis of reaction spontaneity , where negative ΔH values often indicate spontaneous processes .

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entropy

[zelfstandig naamwoord]

a thermodynamic measure of the degree of disorder or randomness in a system, denoted by S

entropie, wanorde

Ex: Dissolving a solute in a solvent generally increases entropy of the system .

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colloid

[zelfstandig naamwoord]

a mixture where small particles of one substance are evenly dispersed in another substance, typically intermediate in size between solution and suspension particles

colloïde, colloid

Ex: Blood plasma is colloid with proteins and other substances dispersed in water .

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corrosion

[zelfstandig naamwoord]

the gradual destruction of materials by chemical reaction, usually of metals

corrosie, verrotting

Ex: Exposure to moisture accelerates corrosion.

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alkali

[zelfstandig naamwoord]

any substance with a pH of more than seven that neutralizes acids creating salt and water

alkali, basische stof

Ex: Alkalis are often used in the production of soaps, detergents, and other cleaning agents due to their ability to dissolve fats and oils.

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Woordenschat voor IELTS Academic (Score 8-9)

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Woordenschat voor IELTS Academic (Score 8-9) - Chemistry