آیلتس آکادمیک (باند 8 و بالاتر) - Chemistry

a substance that is dissolved in a solvent, resulting in a solution

حل‌شونده, ماده حل‌شدنی

a substance that takes part in and undergoes a chemical reaction, leading to the formation of new products

واکنش‌گر

(chemistry) a substance that causes a chemical reaction to happen at a faster rate without undergoing any chemical change itself

کاتالیزور, کاتالیزگر

the acceleration or facilitation of a chemical reaction by a substance (catalyst) that remains unchanged at the end of the reaction

فروکافت

a chemical bond where atoms share electrons to form a stable molecule

پیوند کووالانسی

any of two or more compounds having the same molecular formula but different arrangements of atoms and, consequently, different properties

همپار, ایزومر

a large molecule composed of repeating structural units, or monomers, covalently bonded together in a chain-like structure

پلیمر

a molecule that can chemically bond with other molecules to form a polymer

مونومر

a compound composed of hydrogen and carbon atoms, with the simplest form being alkanes, alkenes, or alkynes

هیدروکربن

a chemical compound derived from the reaction between an alcohol and an organic acid, typically with the elimination of water

استر (شیمی)

an organic compound with a carbonyl group (C=O) bonded to a hydrogen atom and another carbon atom, commonly found in essential oils and used in various chemical processes

آلدئید

a compound with a hydroxyl group (-OH) attached to a carbon atom, widely used as solvents, fuels, and in pharmaceutical and chemical synthesis

الکل (شیمی)

an organic compound with a carbonyl group (C=O) bonded to two carbon atoms, commonly found in solvents, pharmaceuticals, and flavorings

کتون

a chemical reaction where electrons are transferred between substances

اکسایش

the concentration of a solute in a solution, measured in moles per liter (mol/L or M)

غلظت مولار, مولاریته

a substance that, when dissolved in a solution, produces ions and enables the conduction of electric current

الکترولیت

a thermodynamic quantity representing the total heat content of a system, commonly denoted as H

آنتالپی

a thermodynamic measure of the degree of disorder or randomness in a system, denoted by S

آنتروپی

a mixture where small particles of one substance are evenly dispersed in another substance, typically intermediate in size between solution and suspension particles

کلوئید

the gradual destruction of materials by chemical reaction, usually of metals

خوردگی

any substance with a pH of more than seven that neutralizes acids creating salt and water

قلیا (شیمی)