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Vocabular pentru IELTS Academic (Scor 8-9) - Matematică și Grafice

Aici, vei învăța câteva cuvinte în engleză legate de matematică și grafice care sunt necesare pentru examenul academic IELTS.

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Vocabulary for Academic IELTS (8)
variance
variance
[substantiv]

a measure of the dispersion or spread of a set of data points in statistics, representing the average squared deviation from the mean

varianță

varianță

Ex: In statistics, variance is a measure of how spread out the values in a data set are around the mean. 
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algorithm
algorithm
[substantiv]

a finite sequence of well-defined, mathematical instructions for completing a specific task or solving a problem

algoritm

algoritm

Ex: The Euclidean algorithm is used to find the greatest common divisor of two integers. 
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derivative
derivative
[substantiv]

the rate at which a function changes with respect to its independent variable

derivată, derivare

derivată, derivare

Ex: Calculating the derivative of a position function yields the velocity function, describing the rate of change of position with respect to time. 
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integral
integral
[substantiv]

a mathematical concept representing the total accumulation of a quantity, often represented by the area under a curve on a graph

integrală, integrală definită

integrală, integrală definită

Ex: The definite integral of a velocity function over a time interval gives the total displacement of an object during that time. 
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limit
limit
[substantiv]

the value that a function or sequence approaches as its input or index gets close to a particular value

limită

limită

Ex: In calculus, the concept of a limit is essential for defining derivatives, as it involves understanding how a function behaves near a given point. 
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matrix
matrix
[substantiv]

a rectangular array of numbers or symbols organized in rows and columns, commonly used in linear algebra for representing equations, transformations, and vector operations

matrice, tabel

matrice, tabel

Ex: A 2x3 matrix represents a collection of numbers organized in two rows and three columns. 
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calculus
calculus
[substantiv]

the branch of mathematics that comprises differentials and integrals

calcul, analiză

calcul, analiză

Ex: Calculus is used to find the area under a curve. 
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catastrophe theory
catastrophe theory
[substantiv]

a branch of mathematics that studies and classifies phenomena characterized by sudden shifts in behavior arising from small changes in circumstances

teoria catastrofelor, teoria catastrofei

teoria catastrofelor, teoria catastrofei

Ex: Catastrophe theory, introduced by French mathematician René Thom in the 1960s, is a branch of mathematics that studies sudden changes in the behavior of systems as a result of small changes in inputs or parameters. 
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donut chart
donut chart
[substantiv]

a circular graphic, similar to a pie chart, with a blank center, used to represent proportional data

grafic inelar, diagramă gogoașă

grafic inelar, diagramă gogoașă

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flow chart
flow chart
[substantiv]

a graphic representation of the step-by-step sequence of functions in a computer program

diagramă de flux, fluxogramă

diagramă de flux, fluxogramă

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bubble chart
bubble chart
[substantiv]

a graphical representation using circles (bubbles) to display three dimensions of data: two on the axis and one represented by the bubble size

grafic cu bule, diagramă cu bule

grafic cu bule, diagramă cu bule

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quartile
quartile
[substantiv]

a statistical measure that divides a dataset into four equal parts, representing points that indicate the distribution of the data

cuartil, un cuartil

cuartil, un cuartil

Ex: The first quartile, Q1, marks the 25th percentile of a dataset, indicating the value below which 25% of the data falls. 
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candlestick chart
candlestick chart
[substantiv]

a financial chart used to represent price movements, typically displaying open, high, low, and close values for a specific time period

graficul lumânărilor, diagramul lumânărilor

graficul lumânărilor, diagramul lumânărilor

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cross section
cross section
[substantiv]

the non-empty area formed by the intersection of a solid object in three-dimensional space and a plane, or the corresponding concept in higher-dimensional spaces

secțiune transversală, tăietură transversală

secțiune transversală, tăietură transversală

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