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Slovní zásoba pro IELTS Academic (Skóre 8-9) - Matematika a grafy

Zde se naučíte některá anglická slova související s matematikou a grafy, která jsou nezbytná pro zkoušku Academic IELTS.

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Vocabulary for Academic IELTS (8)
variance
[Podstatné jméno]

a measure of the dispersion or spread of a set of data points in statistics, representing the average squared deviation from the mean

rozptyl, variabilita

rozptyl, variabilita

Ex: Variance is an important concept in probability theory and is used in various statistical analyses, such as hypothesis testing and regression analysis.
algorithm
[Podstatné jméno]

a finite sequence of well-defined, mathematical instructions for completing a specific task or solving a problem

algoritmus, algoritmický postup

algoritmus, algoritmický postup

Ex: The Fast Fourier Transform ( FFTalgorithm efficiently computes the discrete Fourier transform of a sequence or its inverse .
derivative
[Podstatné jméno]

the rate at which a function changes with respect to its independent variable

derivace, odvozená funkce

derivace, odvozená funkce

Ex: The chain rule allows finding the derivative of composite functions, crucial for analyzing complex mathematical expressions.
integral
[Podstatné jméno]

a mathematical concept representing the total accumulation of a quantity, often represented by the area under a curve on a graph

integrál, integrální počítání

integrál, integrální počítání

Ex: The definite integral of a probability density function gives the probability of an event occurring within a specified range.
limit
[Podstatné jméno]

the value that a function or sequence approaches as its input or index gets close to a particular value

mez, hranice

mez, hranice

Ex: Evaluating limit of a difference quotient leads to the definition of a derivative in calculus .
matrix
[Podstatné jméno]

a rectangular array of numbers or symbols organized in rows and columns, commonly used in linear algebra for representing equations, transformations, and vector operations

matice, mřížka

matice, mřížka

Ex: Matrix addition and subtraction are performed element-wise , combining corresponding elements of matrices.
calculus
[Podstatné jméno]

the branch of mathematics that comprises differentials and integrals

kalkulus, analýza

kalkulus, analýza

Ex: Differential equations are a key topic calculus.
catastrophe theory
[Podstatné jméno]

a branch of mathematics that studies and classifies phenomena characterized by sudden shifts in behavior arising from small changes in circumstances

teorie katastrof, katastrofická teorie

teorie katastrof, katastrofická teorie

Ex: Catastrophe theory has also been used to analyze the stability of ecosystems , the dynamics of animal behavior , and the onset of psychiatric disorders , providing insights into the underlying mechanisms driving these phenomena .
donut chart
[Podstatné jméno]

a circular graphic, similar to a pie chart, with a blank center, used to represent proportional data

donutový graf, kroužkový graf

donutový graf, kroužkový graf

flow chart
[Podstatné jméno]

a graphic representation of the step-by-step sequence of functions in a computer program

vývojový diagram, tokový diagram

vývojový diagram, tokový diagram

bubble chart
[Podstatné jméno]

a graphical representation using circles (bubbles) to display three dimensions of data: two on the axis and one represented by the bubble size

bublinkový diagram, bublinkový graf

bublinkový diagram, bublinkový graf

quartile
[Podstatné jméno]

a statistical measure that divides a dataset into four equal parts, representing points that indicate the distribution of the data

kvartil, kvartální hodnota

kvartil, kvartální hodnota

Ex: Quartiles are particularly useful in statistics to summarize the position of values within a dataset .
candlestick chart
[Podstatné jméno]

a financial chart used to represent price movements, typically displaying open, high, low, and close values for a specific time period

svíčkový graf, candle stickový graf

svíčkový graf, candle stickový graf

cross section
[Podstatné jméno]

the non-empty area formed by the intersection of a solid object in three-dimensional space and a plane, or the corresponding concept in higher-dimensional spaces

průřez, řez

průřez, řez

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