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Slovní zásoba pro IELTS Academic (Skóre 8-9) - Matematika a Grafy

Zde se naučíte některá anglická slova související s matematikou a grafy, která jsou nezbytná pro akademickou zkoušku IELTS.

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Vocabulary for Academic IELTS (8)
variance
variance
[Podstatné jméno]

a measure of the dispersion or spread of a set of data points in statistics, representing the average squared deviation from the mean

rozptyl

rozptyl

Ex: In statistics, variance is a measure of how spread out the values in a data set are around the mean. 
algorithm
algorithm
[Podstatné jméno]

a finite sequence of well-defined, mathematical instructions for completing a specific task or solving a problem

algoritmus

algoritmus

Ex: The Euclidean algorithm is used to find the greatest common divisor of two integers. 
derivative
derivative
[Podstatné jméno]

the rate at which a function changes with respect to its independent variable

derivace, derivování

derivace, derivování

Ex: Calculating the derivative of a position function yields the velocity function, describing the rate of change of position with respect to time. 
integral
integral
[Podstatné jméno]

a mathematical concept representing the total accumulation of a quantity, often represented by the area under a curve on a graph

integrál, určitý integrál

integrál, určitý integrál

Ex: The definite integral of a velocity function over a time interval gives the total displacement of an object during that time. 
limit
limit
[Podstatné jméno]

the value that a function or sequence approaches as its input or index gets close to a particular value

mez

mez

Ex: In calculus, the concept of a limit is essential for defining derivatives, as it involves understanding how a function behaves near a given point. 
matrix
matrix
[Podstatné jméno]

a rectangular array of numbers or symbols organized in rows and columns, commonly used in linear algebra for representing equations, transformations, and vector operations

matice, tabulka

matice, tabulka

Ex: A 2x3 matrix represents a collection of numbers organized in two rows and three columns. 
calculus
calculus
[Podstatné jméno]

the branch of mathematics that comprises differentials and integrals

počet, analýza

počet, analýza

Ex: Calculus is used to find the area under a curve. 
catastrophe theory
catastrophe theory
[Podstatné jméno]

a branch of mathematics that studies and classifies phenomena characterized by sudden shifts in behavior arising from small changes in circumstances

teorie katastrof, katastrofická teorie

teorie katastrof, katastrofická teorie

Ex: Catastrophe theory, introduced by French mathematician René Thom in the 1960s, is a branch of mathematics that studies sudden changes in the behavior of systems as a result of small changes in inputs or parameters. 
donut chart
donut chart
[Podstatné jméno]

a circular graphic, similar to a pie chart, with a blank center, used to represent proportional data

prstencový graf, koblihový graf

prstencový graf, koblihový graf

flow chart
flow chart
[Podstatné jméno]

a graphic representation of the step-by-step sequence of functions in a computer program

vývojový diagram, blokové schéma

vývojový diagram, blokové schéma

bubble chart
bubble chart
[Podstatné jméno]

a graphical representation using circles (bubbles) to display three dimensions of data: two on the axis and one represented by the bubble size

bublinový graf, diagram bublin

bublinový graf, diagram bublin

quartile
quartile
[Podstatné jméno]

a statistical measure that divides a dataset into four equal parts, representing points that indicate the distribution of the data

kvartil, jeden kvartil

kvartil, jeden kvartil

Ex: The first quartile, Q1, marks the 25th percentile of a dataset, indicating the value below which 25% of the data falls. 
candlestick chart
candlestick chart
[Podstatné jméno]

a financial chart used to represent price movements, typically displaying open, high, low, and close values for a specific time period

svícový graf, graf svíček

svícový graf, graf svíček

cross section
cross section
[Podstatné jméno]

the non-empty area formed by the intersection of a solid object in three-dimensional space and a plane, or the corresponding concept in higher-dimensional spaces

průřez, příčný řez

průřez, příčný řez

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