Лингвистика - Neurolinguistics

a condition in which an individual has difficulties with the comprehension or expression of language, which may affect their ability to communicate effectively and use language appropriately in various contexts

языковое расстройство

a region in the brain responsible for speech production and language processing

область Брока

a region of the brain involved in language comprehension and processing

зона Вернике

a difficulty or impairment in word finding or word retrieval

аномия

a language disorder resulting from brain damage or injury that impairs an individual's ability to understand, produce, and use language

афазия

a type of language disorder characterized by difficulty in producing fluent and grammatically complex speech while comprehension remains relatively intact

афазия Брока

a rare genetic disorder characterized by distinctive facial features, developmental delays, and a unique cognitive profile, including strong verbal abilities and sociable personality traits

синдром Уильямса

a rare childhood neurological disorder characterized by the sudden or gradual onset of language regression, seizures, and abnormal electroencephalogram patterns

Синдром Ландау-Клеффнера

a severe form of language impairment that affects all aspects of language comprehension and production, resulting in significant difficulties in speaking, understanding, reading, and writing

глобальная афазия

a language disorder characterized by impaired comprehension and fluent speech, often accompanied by paraphasic errors and preserved repetition skills, due to damage in the posterior language areas of the brain

транскортальная сенсорная афазия

a language disorder characterized by non-fluent speech output, limited vocabulary, and difficulty initiating and executing speech, typically caused by damage to the frontal regions of the brain involved in language production

транскортекальная моторная афазия

a speech disorder characterized by difficulties in producing and organizing speech sounds, resulting in speech that is unclear, difficult to understand, or distorted

фонологическое расстройство

a communication disorder characterized by difficulties in both understanding and expressing language, including difficulties with vocabulary, grammar, comprehension, and verbal expression

смешанное рецептивно-экспрессивное нарушение речи

a communication disorder characterized by difficulties in understanding or processing spoken language, including difficulties with comprehension, following instructions, and understanding the meaning of words and sentences

рецептивное языковое расстройство

a communication disorder characterized by difficulties in expressing oneself through spoken or written language, including difficulties with vocabulary, grammar, sentence formation, and conveying thoughts and ideas effectively

экспрессивное языковое расстройство

a speech disorder characterized by disruptions in the flow of speech, such as repetitions, prolongations, and blocks, affecting the smooth and fluent production of language

заикание

a specific learning disorder that affects writing skills, causing difficulties with handwriting, spelling, and written expression

дисграфия

communication disorder characterized by difficulties in understanding and using language in social contexts, including challenges with interpreting and conveying meaning, understanding non-literal language, and engaging in effective social interactions

семантико-прагматическое расстройство

a condition in which individuals experience difficulties with reading, writing, spelling, or expressing themselves verbally due to underlying challenges in language processing and comprehension

языковое нарушение обучения

an anxiety disorder characterized by a consistent failure to speak in specific social situations despite having the ability to speak in other contexts

селективная мутизм

a specific learning disorder characterized by difficulties with accurate and fluent word recognition, reading comprehension, and spelling, despite normal intelligence and adequate educational opportunities

развивающаяся дислексия

a condition where a person has ongoing difficulties in learning and using language, usually without any known reason or related problems with thinking or senses

специфическое языковое расстройство

a motor speech disorder that affects the muscles used for speech production, resulting in difficulties with articulation, pronunciation, and overall intelligibility

дизартрия

a motor speech disorder characterized by difficulty planning and coordinating the movements required for speech production, leading to inconsistent and inaccurate speech

вербальная апраксия

a term used to describe a symptom of severe disorganized thinking and speech, often associated with certain mental disorders, in which the words and phrases are jumbled and lack coherent meaning or logical connection

словесный салат

an unintentional error in speech that occurs when a person produces a different word or phrase than what they intended to say

ошибка речи

a mishearing or misinterpretation of speech or sound due to perceptual or cognitive factors

a language disorder characterized by the omission or impairment of grammatical elements and structures in speech and writing

аграмматизм

a language disorder caused by damage to the Wernicke's area of the brain, resulting in fluent but nonsensical speech, poor comprehension, and difficulty finding the right words

афазия Вернике

a language disorder characterized by the inability to repeat words or phrases despite intact comprehension and fluent speech

кондуктивная афазия

the natural process through which individuals acquire and develop language skills, including phonetics, vocabulary, grammar, and pragmatics, typically occurring during childhood

приобретение языка