Lingvistika - Neurolinguistics

a condition in which an individual has difficulties with the comprehension or expression of language, which may affect their ability to communicate effectively and use language appropriately in various contexts

jazyková porucha

a region in the brain responsible for speech production and language processing

Brocaova oblast

a region of the brain involved in language comprehension and processing

Wernickeova area

a difficulty or impairment in word finding or word retrieval

anomie

a language disorder resulting from brain damage or injury that impairs an individual's ability to understand, produce, and use language

afázie

a type of language disorder characterized by difficulty in producing fluent and grammatically complex speech while comprehension remains relatively intact

Brocaova afázie

a rare genetic disorder characterized by distinctive facial features, developmental delays, and a unique cognitive profile, including strong verbal abilities and sociable personality traits

Williamsův syndrom

a rare childhood neurological disorder characterized by the sudden or gradual onset of language regression, seizures, and abnormal electroencephalogram patterns

Landau-Kleffnerův syndrom

a severe form of language impairment that affects all aspects of language comprehension and production, resulting in significant difficulties in speaking, understanding, reading, and writing

globální afázie

a language disorder characterized by impaired comprehension and fluent speech, often accompanied by paraphasic errors and preserved repetition skills, due to damage in the posterior language areas of the brain

transkortikální senzorická afázie

a language disorder characterized by non-fluent speech output, limited vocabulary, and difficulty initiating and executing speech, typically caused by damage to the frontal regions of the brain involved in language production

transkortikální motorická afázie

a speech disorder characterized by difficulties in producing and organizing speech sounds, resulting in speech that is unclear, difficult to understand, or distorted

fonologická porucha

a communication disorder characterized by difficulties in both understanding and expressing language, including difficulties with vocabulary, grammar, comprehension, and verbal expression

smíšená receptivně-expresivní jazyková porucha

a communication disorder characterized by difficulties in understanding or processing spoken language, including difficulties with comprehension, following instructions, and understanding the meaning of words and sentences

receptivní jazyková porucha

a communication disorder characterized by difficulties in expressing oneself through spoken or written language, including difficulties with vocabulary, grammar, sentence formation, and conveying thoughts and ideas effectively

porucha expresivního jazyka

a speech disorder characterized by disruptions in the flow of speech, such as repetitions, prolongations, and blocks, affecting the smooth and fluent production of language

koktání

a specific learning disorder that affects writing skills, causing difficulties with handwriting, spelling, and written expression

dysgrafie

communication disorder characterized by difficulties in understanding and using language in social contexts, including challenges with interpreting and conveying meaning, understanding non-literal language, and engaging in effective social interactions

semanicko-pragmaticka porucha

a condition in which individuals experience difficulties with reading, writing, spelling, or expressing themselves verbally due to underlying challenges in language processing and comprehension

porucha učení založená na jazyce

an anxiety disorder characterized by a consistent failure to speak in specific social situations despite having the ability to speak in other contexts

selektivní mutismus

a specific learning disorder characterized by difficulties with accurate and fluent word recognition, reading comprehension, and spelling, despite normal intelligence and adequate educational opportunities

vývojová dyslexie

a condition where a person has ongoing difficulties in learning and using language, usually without any known reason or related problems with thinking or senses

specifické jazykové poruchy

a motor speech disorder that affects the muscles used for speech production, resulting in difficulties with articulation, pronunciation, and overall intelligibility

dysartrie

a motor speech disorder characterized by difficulty planning and coordinating the movements required for speech production, leading to inconsistent and inaccurate speech

verbalní apraxie

a term used to describe a symptom of severe disorganized thinking and speech, often associated with certain mental disorders, in which the words and phrases are jumbled and lack coherent meaning or logical connection

slovní salát

an unintentional error in speech that occurs when a person produces a different word or phrase than what they intended to say

chyba řeči

a mishearing or misinterpretation of speech or sound due to perceptual or cognitive factors

a language disorder characterized by the omission or impairment of grammatical elements and structures in speech and writing

agramatismus

a language disorder caused by damage to the Wernicke's area of the brain, resulting in fluent but nonsensical speech, poor comprehension, and difficulty finding the right words

Wernickeova afázie

a language disorder characterized by the inability to repeat words or phrases despite intact comprehension and fluent speech

konduktivní afázie

the natural process through which individuals acquire and develop language skills, including phonetics, vocabulary, grammar, and pragmatics, typically occurring during childhood

v acquisition jazyka