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Словарный запас для IELTS Academic (Оценка 6-7) - History

Здесь вы выучите некоторые английские слова, связанные с историей, которые необходимы для академического экзамена IELTS.

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Vocabulary for Academic IELTS (6-7)
epoch
epoch
[существительное]

a period of time in history or someone's life, during which significant events happen

эпоха

эпоха

Ex: The Renaissance was an epoch of great cultural and artistic achievements in Europe. 
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historiography
historiography
[существительное]

the study and writing of history, particularly the methods, interpretations, and principles used by historians to examine and interpret past events

историография, изучение историографии

историография, изучение историографии

Ex: The historiography of the American Civil War reflects changing perspectives on causes and consequences over the years. 
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ice age
ice age
[существительное]

one of the periods in history when ice covered large parts of the world

ледниковый период

ледниковый период

Ex: During the last ice age, vast glaciers covered much of North America and Europe. 
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Bronze Age
Bronze Age
[существительное]

the period when iron was not discovered and people used bronze to make tools

Бронзовый век

Бронзовый век

Ex: The Bronze Age marked a significant advancement in human technology with the development of metalworking skills. 
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Stone age
Stone age
[существительное]

the early period of human history when people used things such as stone, horn, bone, etc. to make tools

каменный век

каменный век

Ex: The Stone Age was characterized by the use of simple stone tools and the development of early human societies. 
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dark ages
dark ages
[существительное]

the era in European history commenced at the end of the Roman Empire in AD 476 and lasted until AD 1000

темные века

темные века

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Iron Age
Iron Age
[существительное]

the period that began about 1100 BC when people used iron tools for the first time

Железный век

Железный век

Ex: The Iron Age followed the Bronze Age and was marked by the widespread use of iron for tools and weapons. 
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peasant
peasant
[существительное]

a farmer who owns or rents a small piece of land, particularly in the past or in poorer countries

крестьянин

крестьянин

Ex: The peasant worked tirelessly in the fields, cultivating crops to feed his family and sell at the market. 
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Renaissance
Renaissance
[существительное]

the period between the 14th and 16th centuries in Europe, marked by a rise of interest in Greek and Roman cultures, which is dominant in the art, philosophy, etc. of the times

эпоха Возрождения

эпоха Возрождения

Ex: The Renaissance period is known for its remarkable achievements in art, science, and literature. 
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the Middle Ages
the Middle Ages
[существительное]

an era in European history, between about AD 1000 and AD 1500, when the authority of kings, people of high rank, and the Christian Church was unquestionable

Средние века

Средние века

Ex: Castles and knights are iconic symbols of life during the Middle Ages. 
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reformation
reformation
[существительное]

a transformative 16th-century movement challenging and reforming practices within Christianity, leading to the establishment of Protestant denominations

реформа, Реформация

реформа, Реформация

Ex: The Reformation, sparked by Martin Luther's Ninety-Five Theses, questioned and redefined religious practices in Christianity. 
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Enlightenment
Enlightenment
[существительное]

a philosophical movement in the late 17th and 18th centuries that emphasized reason and science were of more importance than tradition and religion

эпоха просвещения

эпоха просвещения

Ex: The Enlightenment challenged traditional authority and promoted reason as the basis for understanding the world. 
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restoration
restoration
[существительное]

the reinstatement of the monarchy in England, particularly the return of King Charles II to the throne in 1660

Реставрация, восстановление монархии

Реставрация, восстановление монархии

Ex: The Restoration, initiated in 1660, marked the return of Charles II to the English throne after the Interregnum. 
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chronology
chronology
[существительное]

the study of past events for the purpose of determining the order by which they occurred

хронология

хронология

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medieval
medieval
[прилагательное]

belonging or related to the Middle Ages, the period in European history from roughly the 5th to the 15th century

средневековый

средневековый

Ex: The castle is a masterpiece of medieval architecture, complete with towers and battlements. 
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prehistory
prehistory
[существительное]

the era in human history from which we have no written record

предыстория

предыстория

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milestone
milestone
[существительное]

an event or stage that has a very important impact on the progress of something

веха, этап

веха, этап

Ex: Graduating from college was a major milestone in her life. 
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holocaust
holocaust
[существительное]

a catastrophic event that results in widespread death and destruction

холокост

холокост

Ex: The holocaust of war left the country in ruins, with countless lives lost. 
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papyrus
papyrus
[существительное]

a manuscript or written record created on sheets of a plant material used in ancient Egypt for making paper-like scrolls and documents

папирус, рукопись на папирусе

папирус, рукопись на папирусе

Ex: The archaeologists unearthed a well-preserved papyrus, revealing ancient writings detailing daily life in the region. 
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Before Common Era
Before Common Era
[наречие]

a secular designation used to represent dates in the Gregorian calendar before the traditional reference point of the birth of Jesus Christ

до н.э.

до н.э.

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genocide
genocide
[существительное]

a mass murder committed in order to destroy a particular nation, religious or ethnic group, or race

геноцид

геноцид

Ex: The United Nations defines genocide as acts committed with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnical, racial, or religious group. 
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civil war
civil war
[существительное]

a war that is between people who are in the same country

гражданская война

гражданская война

Ex: The American Civil War was fought between the Northern states (Union) and the Southern states (Confederacy) over issues of slavery and states' rights. 
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anno Domini
anno Domini
[наречие]

used to refer to a date that is after the birth of Jesus Christ

от Рождества Христова

от Рождества Христова

Ex: The ancient city was founded in 753 BC and later became a significant hub during the Roman Empire, enduring until AD 476. 
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before Christ
before Christ
[наречие]

marking the years before Christ's supposed birth

до н.э.

до н.э.

Ex: The ancient civilization of Mesopotamia flourished around 3000 BC. 
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Common Era
Common Era
[наречие]

used with a date to refer to things happened or existed after the birth of Christ

Н.Э.

Н.Э.

Ex: The fall of the Western Roman Empire occurred around 476 CE. 
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