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Słownictwo do IELTS Academic (Wynik 6-7) - History

Tutaj nauczysz się niektórych angielskich słów związanych z historią, które są niezbędne do akademickiego egzaminu IELTS.

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Vocabulary for Academic IELTS (6-7)
epoch
epoch
[Rzeczownik]

a period of time in history or someone's life, during which significant events happen

epoka, era

epoka, era

Ex: The Renaissance was an epoch of great cultural and artistic achievements in Europe. 
historiography
historiography
[Rzeczownik]

the study and writing of history, particularly the methods, interpretations, and principles used by historians to examine and interpret past events

historiografia, badanie historiograficzne

historiografia, badanie historiograficzne

Ex: The historiography of the American Civil War reflects changing perspectives on causes and consequences over the years. 
ice age
ice age
[Rzeczownik]

one of the periods in history when ice covered large parts of the world

epoka lodowcowa, era lodowcowa

epoka lodowcowa, era lodowcowa

Ex: During the last ice age, vast glaciers covered much of North America and Europe. 
Bronze Age
Bronze Age
[Rzeczownik]

the period when iron was not discovered and people used bronze to make tools

Epoka brązu, Wiek brązu

Epoka brązu, Wiek brązu

Ex: The Bronze Age marked a significant advancement in human technology with the development of metalworking skills. 
Stone age
Stone age
[Rzeczownik]

the early period of human history when people used things such as stone, horn, bone, etc. to make tools

epoka kamienia, wiek kamienia

epoka kamienia, wiek kamienia

Ex: The Stone Age was characterized by the use of simple stone tools and the development of early human societies. 
dark ages
dark ages
[Rzeczownik]

the era in European history commenced at the end of the Roman Empire in AD 476 and lasted until AD 1000

wieki ciemne, wczesne średniowiecze

wieki ciemne, wczesne średniowiecze

Iron Age
Iron Age
[Rzeczownik]

the period that began about 1100 BC when people used iron tools for the first time

Epoka żelaza, Wiek żelaza

Epoka żelaza, Wiek żelaza

Ex: The Iron Age followed the Bronze Age and was marked by the widespread use of iron for tools and weapons. 
peasant
peasant
[Rzeczownik]

a farmer who owns or rents a small piece of land, particularly in the past or in poorer countries

chłop, rolnik

chłop, rolnik

Ex: The peasant worked tirelessly in the fields, cultivating crops to feed his family and sell at the market. 
Renaissance
Renaissance
[Rzeczownik]

the period between the 14th and 16th centuries in Europe, marked by a rise of interest in Greek and Roman cultures, which is dominant in the art, philosophy, etc. of the times

Renesans

Renesans

Ex: The Renaissance period is known for its remarkable achievements in art, science, and literature. 
the Middle Ages
the Middle Ages
[Rzeczownik]

an era in European history, between about AD 1000 and AD 1500, when the authority of kings, people of high rank, and the Christian Church was unquestionable

średniowiecze, okres średniowiecza

średniowiecze, okres średniowiecza

Ex: Castles and knights are iconic symbols of life during the Middle Ages. 
reformation
reformation
[Rzeczownik]

a transformative 16th-century movement challenging and reforming practices within Christianity, leading to the establishment of Protestant denominations

reforma, Reformacja

reforma, Reformacja

Ex: The Reformation, sparked by Martin Luther's Ninety-Five Theses, questioned and redefined religious practices in Christianity. 
Enlightenment
Enlightenment
[Rzeczownik]

a philosophical movement in the late 17th and 18th centuries that emphasized reason and science were of more importance than tradition and religion

Oświecenie, Wiek Oświecenia

Oświecenie, Wiek Oświecenia

Ex: The Enlightenment challenged traditional authority and promoted reason as the basis for understanding the world. 
restoration
restoration
[Rzeczownik]

the reinstatement of the monarchy in England, particularly the return of King Charles II to the throne in 1660

Restauracja, przywrócenie monarchii

Restauracja, przywrócenie monarchii

Ex: The Restoration, initiated in 1660, marked the return of Charles II to the English throne after the Interregnum. 
chronology
chronology
[Rzeczownik]

the study of past events for the purpose of determining the order by which they occurred

chronologia, badanie chronologiczne

chronologia, badanie chronologiczne

medieval
medieval
[przymiotnik]

belonging or related to the Middle Ages, the period in European history from roughly the 5th to the 15th century

średniowieczny, należący do średniowiecza

średniowieczny, należący do średniowiecza

Ex: The castle is a masterpiece of medieval architecture, complete with towers and battlements. 
prehistory
prehistory
[Rzeczownik]

the era in human history from which we have no written record

prehistoria, epoka przedhistoryczna

prehistoria, epoka przedhistoryczna

milestone
milestone
[Rzeczownik]

an event or stage that has a very important impact on the progress of something

kamień milowy, etap

kamień milowy, etap

Ex: Graduating from college was a major milestone in her life. 
holocaust
holocaust
[Rzeczownik]

a catastrophic event that results in widespread death and destruction

holokaust, katastrofa

holokaust, katastrofa

Ex: The holocaust of war left the country in ruins, with countless lives lost. 
papyrus
papyrus
[Rzeczownik]

a manuscript or written record created on sheets of a plant material used in ancient Egypt for making paper-like scrolls and documents

papirus, rękopis na papirusie

papirus, rękopis na papirusie

Ex: The archaeologists unearthed a well-preserved papyrus, revealing ancient writings detailing daily life in the region. 
Before Common Era
Before Common Era
[przysłówek]

a secular designation used to represent dates in the Gregorian calendar before the traditional reference point of the birth of Jesus Christ

przed wspólną erą, przed naszą erą

przed wspólną erą, przed naszą erą

genocide
genocide
[Rzeczownik]

a mass murder committed in order to destroy a particular nation, religious or ethnic group, or race

ludobójstwo, zagłada

ludobójstwo, zagłada

Ex: The United Nations defines genocide as acts committed with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnical, racial, or religious group. 
civil war
civil war
[Rzeczownik]

a war that is between people who are in the same country

wojna domowa, konflikt wewnętrzny

wojna domowa, konflikt wewnętrzny

Ex: The American Civil War was fought between the Northern states (Union) and the Southern states (Confederacy) over issues of slavery and states' rights. 
anno Domini
anno Domini
[przysłówek]

used to refer to a date that is after the birth of Jesus Christ

naszej ery, n.e.

naszej ery, n.e.

Ex: The ancient city was founded in 753 BC and later became a significant hub during the Roman Empire, enduring until AD 476. 
before Christ
before Christ
[przysłówek]

marking the years before Christ's supposed birth

przed naszą erą

przed naszą erą

Ex: The ancient civilization of Mesopotamia flourished around 3000 BC. 
Common Era
Common Era
[przysłówek]

used with a date to refer to things happened or existed after the birth of Christ

naszej ery, po Chrystusie

naszej ery, po Chrystusie

Ex: The fall of the Western Roman Empire occurred around 476 CE. 
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