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Vocabulaire pour l'IELTS Academic (Score 6-7) - Histoire

Ici, vous apprendrez quelques mots anglais liés à l'Histoire qui sont nécessaires pour l'examen académique IELTS.

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Vocabulary for Academic IELTS (6-7)
epoch
epoch
[nom]

a period of time in history or someone's life, during which significant events happen

époque, ère

époque, ère

Ex: For the scientist, the discovery of the new element marked the beginning of a revolutionary epoch in chemistry. 

Pour le scientifique, la découverte du nouvel élément a marqué le début d'une époque révolutionnaire en chimie.

historiography

the study and writing of history, particularly the methods, interpretations, and principles used by historians to examine and interpret past events

historiographie, étude historiographique

historiographie, étude historiographique

Ex: Historiography examines how different cultures interpret and represent historical events based on their unique perspectives. 

L'historiographie examine comment différentes cultures interprètent et représentent les événements historiques en fonction de leurs perspectives uniques.

ice age
ice age
[nom]

one of the periods in history when ice covered large parts of the world

période glaciaire, ère glaciaire

période glaciaire, ère glaciaire

Ex: The woolly mammoth and saber-toothed tiger were iconic animals of the ice age. 

Le mammouth laineux et le tigre à dents de sabre étaient des animaux emblématiques de l'âge de glace.

Bronze Age

the period when iron was not discovered and people used bronze to make tools

l'âge de bronze

l'âge de bronze

Ex: During the Bronze Age, civilizations like Mesopotamia and Ancient Egypt saw the rise of complex societies and urban centers. 

Pendant l'Âge du bronze, des civilisations comme la Mésopotamie et l'Égypte ancienne ont vu l'émergence de sociétés complexes et de centres urbains.

Stone age

the early period of human history when people used things such as stone, horn, bone, etc. to make tools

âge de pierre

âge de pierre

Ex: Archaeologists discovered a Stone Age settlement, complete with tools and cave paintings. 

Les archéologues ont découvert un établissement de l'âge de pierre, complet avec des outils et des peintures rupestres.

dark ages

the era in European history commenced at the end of the Roman Empire in AD 476 and lasted until AD 1000

Haut Moyen Âge

Haut Moyen Âge

Iron Age

the period that began about 1100 BC when people used iron tools for the first time

âge du fer

âge du fer

Ex: During the Iron Age, many societies saw significant advancements in agriculture, warfare, and architecture. 

Pendant l'âge du fer, de nombreuses sociétés ont connu des avancées significatives dans l'agriculture, la guerre et l'architecture.

peasant
peasant
[nom]

a farmer who owns or rents a small piece of land, particularly in the past or in poorer countries

manant

manant

Ex: During medieval times, peasants were the backbone of the feudal economy, providing labor and food for the nobility. 

Pendant le Moyen Âge, les paysans étaient l'épine dorsale de l'économie féodale, fournissant du travail et de la nourriture à la noblesse.

Renaissance

the period between the 14th and 16th centuries in Europe, marked by a rise of interest in Greek and Roman cultures, which is dominant in the art, philosophy, etc. of the times

Renaissance

Renaissance

Ex: Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo are two of the most celebrated artists of the Renaissance. 

Léonard de Vinci et Michel-Ange sont deux des artistes les plus célèbres de la Renaissance.

the Middle Ages

an era in European history, between about AD 1000 and AD 1500, when the authority of kings, people of high rank, and the Christian Church was unquestionable

Moyen Âge

Moyen Âge

Ex: Many important universities and centers of learning were established in Europe during the Middle Ages. 

De nombreuses universités et centres d'apprentissage importants ont été établis en Europe durant le Moyen Âge.

reformation

a transformative 16th-century movement challenging and reforming practices within Christianity, leading to the establishment of Protestant denominations

réforme, Réformation

réforme, Réformation

Ex: Iconic figures like John Calvin played pivotal roles in the doctrinal shifts during the religious Reformation. 

Des figures emblématiques comme Jean Calvin ont joué un rôle central dans les changements doctrinaux lors de la Réforme religieuse.

Enlightenment

a philosophical movement in the late 17th and 18th centuries that emphasized reason and science were of more importance than tradition and religion

les Lumières

les Lumières

Ex: Enlightenment thinkers such as Voltaire and Rousseau advocated for freedom of thought and expression. 

Les penseurs des Lumières tels que Voltaire et Rousseau ont plaidé pour la liberté de pensée et d'expression.

restoration

the reinstatement of the monarchy in England, particularly the return of King Charles II to the throne in 1660

la Restauration, le rétablissement de la monarchie

la Restauration, le rétablissement de la monarchie

Ex: Charles II's Restoration brought an end to the period of Commonwealth rule led by Oliver Cromwell. 

La Restauration de Charles II a mis fin à la période de gouvernement du Commonwealth dirigée par Oliver Cromwell.

chronology

the study of past events for the purpose of determining the order by which they occurred

chronologie

chronologie

medieval
medieval
[Adjectif]

belonging or related to the Middle Ages, the period in European history from roughly the 5th to the 15th century

médiéval

médiéval

Ex: Medieval literature, such as the tales of King Arthur, continues to captivate modern readers. 

La littérature médiévale, comme les contes du roi Arthur, continue de captiver les lecteurs modernes.

prehistory

the era in human history from which we have no written record

préhistoire

préhistoire

milestone

an event or stage that has a very important impact on the progress of something

étape importante, jalon

étape importante, jalon

Ex: Learning to walk is a milestone in a baby’s development. 

Apprendre à marquer est une étape importante dans le développement d'un bébé.

holocaust

a catastrophic event that results in widespread death and destruction

holocauste, catastrophe

holocauste, catastrophe

Ex: The political regime’s actions led to a holocaust that devastated the entire population. 

Les actions du régime politique ont conduit à un holocauste qui a dévasté toute la population.

papyrus
papyrus
[nom]

a manuscript or written record created on sheets of a plant material used in ancient Egypt for making paper-like scrolls and documents

papyrus, manuscrit sur papyrus

papyrus, manuscrit sur papyrus

Ex: Scholars deciphered the hieroglyphs on a fragmented papyrus, shedding light on religious practices of the ancient Egyptians. 

Les savants ont déchiffré les hiéroglyphes sur un papyrus fragmenté, éclairant les pratiques religieuses des anciens Égyptiens.

Before Common Era

a secular designation used to represent dates in the Gregorian calendar before the traditional reference point of the birth of Jesus Christ

AEC

AEC

genocide

a mass murder committed in order to destroy a particular nation, religious or ethnic group, or race

génocide

génocide

Ex: The international community condemned the genocide in Rwanda during the early 1990s. 

La communauté internationale a condamné le génocide au Rwanda au début des années 1990.

civil war

a war that is between people who are in the same country

guerre civile

guerre civile

Ex: The English Civil War in the 17th century pitted supporters of Parliament against those loyal to the monarchy. 

La guerre civile anglaise au XVIIe siècle a opposé les partisans du Parlement à ceux fidèles à la monarchie.

anno Domini
anno Domini
[Adverbe]

used to refer to a date that is after the birth of Jesus Christ

apr. J.-C.

apr. J.-C.

Ex: The famous mathematician, Euclid, made substantial contributions to geometry in the third century AD. 
before Christ
before Christ
[Adverbe]

marking the years before Christ's supposed birth

av. J-C

av. J-C

Ex: The construction of the Great Pyramid of Giza began around 2580 BC. 
Common Era
Common Era
[Adverbe]

used with a date to refer to things happened or existed after the birth of Christ

EC

EC

Ex: The birth of the Prophet Muhammad is traditionally dated to around 570 CE. 
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