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Slovní zásoba pro IELTS Academic (Skóre 6-7) - History

Zde se naučíte některá anglická slova související s historií, která jsou nezbytná pro akademickou zkoušku IELTS.

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Vocabulary for Academic IELTS (6-7)
epoch
epoch
[Podstatné jméno]

a period of time in history or someone's life, during which significant events happen

epocha, éra

epocha, éra

Ex: The Renaissance was an epoch of great cultural and artistic achievements in Europe. 
historiography
historiography
[Podstatné jméno]

the study and writing of history, particularly the methods, interpretations, and principles used by historians to examine and interpret past events

historiografie, historiografická studie

historiografie, historiografická studie

Ex: The historiography of the American Civil War reflects changing perspectives on causes and consequences over the years. 
ice age
ice age
[Podstatné jméno]

one of the periods in history when ice covered large parts of the world

doba ledová, ledová doba

doba ledová, ledová doba

Ex: During the last ice age, vast glaciers covered much of North America and Europe. 
Bronze Age
Bronze Age
[Podstatné jméno]

the period when iron was not discovered and people used bronze to make tools

Doba bronzová, Období bronzu

Doba bronzová, Období bronzu

Ex: The Bronze Age marked a significant advancement in human technology with the development of metalworking skills. 
Stone age
Stone age
[Podstatné jméno]

the early period of human history when people used things such as stone, horn, bone, etc. to make tools

doba kamenná, období kamene

doba kamenná, období kamene

Ex: The Stone Age was characterized by the use of simple stone tools and the development of early human societies. 
dark ages
dark ages
[Podstatné jméno]

the era in European history commenced at the end of the Roman Empire in AD 476 and lasted until AD 1000

temné věky, raný středověk

temné věky, raný středověk

Iron Age
Iron Age
[Podstatné jméno]

the period that began about 1100 BC when people used iron tools for the first time

Doba železná, Období železa

Doba železná, Období železa

Ex: The Iron Age followed the Bronze Age and was marked by the widespread use of iron for tools and weapons. 
peasant
peasant
[Podstatné jméno]

a farmer who owns or rents a small piece of land, particularly in the past or in poorer countries

rolník, zemědělec

rolník, zemědělec

Ex: The peasant worked tirelessly in the fields, cultivating crops to feed his family and sell at the market. 
Renaissance
Renaissance
[Podstatné jméno]

the period between the 14th and 16th centuries in Europe, marked by a rise of interest in Greek and Roman cultures, which is dominant in the art, philosophy, etc. of the times

Renesance

Renesance

Ex: The Renaissance period is known for its remarkable achievements in art, science, and literature. 
the Middle Ages
the Middle Ages
[Podstatné jméno]

an era in European history, between about AD 1000 and AD 1500, when the authority of kings, people of high rank, and the Christian Church was unquestionable

středověk, středověké období

středověk, středověké období

Ex: Castles and knights are iconic symbols of life during the Middle Ages. 
reformation
reformation
[Podstatné jméno]

a transformative 16th-century movement challenging and reforming practices within Christianity, leading to the establishment of Protestant denominations

reforma, Reformace

reforma, Reformace

Ex: The Reformation, sparked by Martin Luther's Ninety-Five Theses, questioned and redefined religious practices in Christianity. 
Enlightenment
Enlightenment
[Podstatné jméno]

a philosophical movement in the late 17th and 18th centuries that emphasized reason and science were of more importance than tradition and religion

osvícenství, období osvícenství

osvícenství, období osvícenství

Ex: The Enlightenment challenged traditional authority and promoted reason as the basis for understanding the world. 
restoration
restoration
[Podstatné jméno]

the reinstatement of the monarchy in England, particularly the return of King Charles II to the throne in 1660

Restaurace, obnovení monarchie

Restaurace, obnovení monarchie

Ex: The Restoration, initiated in 1660, marked the return of Charles II to the English throne after the Interregnum. 
chronology
chronology
[Podstatné jméno]

the study of past events for the purpose of determining the order by which they occurred

chronologie, chronologická studie

chronologie, chronologická studie

medieval
medieval
[Přídavné jméno]

belonging or related to the Middle Ages, the period in European history from roughly the 5th to the 15th century

středověký, patřící do středověku

středověký, patřící do středověku

Ex: The castle is a masterpiece of medieval architecture, complete with towers and battlements. 
prehistory
prehistory
[Podstatné jméno]

the era in human history from which we have no written record

pravěk, prehistorie

pravěk, prehistorie

milestone
milestone
[Podstatné jméno]

an event or stage that has a very important impact on the progress of something

milník, významná událost

milník, významná událost

Ex: Graduating from college was a major milestone in her life. 
holocaust
holocaust
[Podstatné jméno]

a catastrophic event that results in widespread death and destruction

holokaust, katastrofa

holokaust, katastrofa

Ex: The holocaust of war left the country in ruins, with countless lives lost. 
papyrus
papyrus
[Podstatné jméno]

a manuscript or written record created on sheets of a plant material used in ancient Egypt for making paper-like scrolls and documents

papyrus, rukopis na papyru

papyrus, rukopis na papyru

Ex: The archaeologists unearthed a well-preserved papyrus, revealing ancient writings detailing daily life in the region. 
Before Common Era
Before Common Era
[Příslovce]

a secular designation used to represent dates in the Gregorian calendar before the traditional reference point of the birth of Jesus Christ

před naším letopočtem, před společným letopočtem

před naším letopočtem, před společným letopočtem

genocide
genocide
[Podstatné jméno]

a mass murder committed in order to destroy a particular nation, religious or ethnic group, or race

genocida, vyhlazení

genocida, vyhlazení

Ex: The United Nations defines genocide as acts committed with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnical, racial, or religious group. 
civil war
civil war
[Podstatné jméno]

a war that is between people who are in the same country

občanská válka, vnitřní konflikt

občanská válka, vnitřní konflikt

Ex: The American Civil War was fought between the Northern states (Union) and the Southern states (Confederacy) over issues of slavery and states' rights. 
anno Domini
anno Domini
[Příslovce]

used to refer to a date that is after the birth of Jesus Christ

našeho letopočtu, n. l.

našeho letopočtu, n. l.

Ex: The ancient city was founded in 753 BC and later became a significant hub during the Roman Empire, enduring until AD 476. 
before Christ
before Christ
[Příslovce]

marking the years before Christ's supposed birth

před naším letopočtem

před naším letopočtem

Ex: The ancient civilization of Mesopotamia flourished around 3000 BC. 
Common Era
Common Era
[Příslovce]

used with a date to refer to things happened or existed after the birth of Christ

našeho letopočtu, po Kristu

našeho letopočtu, po Kristu

Ex: The fall of the Western Roman Empire occurred around 476 CE. 
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