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Slovní zásoba pro IELTS Academic (Skóre 6-7) - History

Zde se naučíte některá anglická slova související s historií, která jsou nezbytná pro zkoušku Academic IELTS.

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Vocabulary for Academic IELTS (6-7)
epoch
[Podstatné jméno]

a period of time in history or someone's life, during which significant events happen

epoché, doba

epoché, doba

Ex: The Civil Rights Movement was epoch of profound social change and progress in the United States .
historiography
[Podstatné jméno]

the study and writing of history, particularly the methods, interpretations, and principles used by historians to examine and interpret past events

historie, historikografie

historie, historikografie

Ex: historiography of colonialism explores how historical events shaped power dynamics and cultural exchanges between colonizers and colonized .
ice age
[Podstatné jméno]

one of the periods in history when ice covered large parts of the world

doba ledová, ledová doba

doba ledová, ledová doba

Ex: Geological evidence suggests that ice age shaped many of the Earth 's current landscapes and ecosystems .
Bronze Age
[Podstatné jméno]

the period when iron was not discovered and people used bronze to make tools

Bronzová doba, Doba bronzová

Bronzová doba, Doba bronzová

Ex: Trade flourished during Bronze Age, as cultures exchanged bronze goods , ideas , and innovations across vast distances .
Stone age
[Podstatné jméno]

the early period of human history when people used things such as stone, horn, bone, etc. to make tools

doba kamenná, kamená doba

doba kamenná, kamená doba

Ex: The transition from the Stone Age to the Bronze Age marked a significant technological and cultural shift in human history.
dark ages
[Podstatné jméno]

the era in European history commenced at the end of the Roman Empire in AD 476 and lasted until AD 1000

temné středověké období, temné věky

temné středověké období, temné věky

Iron Age
[Podstatné jméno]

the period that began about 1100 BC when people used iron tools for the first time

Železná doba, Doba železná

Železná doba, Doba železná

Ex: Iron Age brought about changes in social structures and trade , as iron became a valuable and widely-used resource .
peasant
[Podstatné jméno]

a farmer who owns or rents a small piece of land, particularly in the past or in poorer countries

rolník, sedlák

rolník, sedlák

Ex: In many poorer countriespeasants continue to use traditional farming methods handed down from their ancestors .
Renaissance
[Podstatné jméno]

the period between the 14th and 16th centuries in Europe, marked by a rise of interest in Greek and Roman cultures, which is dominant in the art, philosophy, etc. of the times

renesance, obrození

renesance, obrození

Ex: Florence is often considered the birthplace of Renaissance due to its flourishing cultural and artistic environment .
the Middle Ages
[Podstatné jméno]

an era in European history, between about AD 1000 and AD 1500, when the authority of kings, people of high rank, and the Christian Church was unquestionable

Středověk, Mediální věk

Středověk, Mediální věk

Ex: The Black Death was a devastating pandemic that struck Europe in the late Middle Ages, killing millions.
reformation
[Podstatné jméno]

a transformative 16th-century movement challenging and reforming practices within Christianity, leading to the establishment of Protestant denominations

reforma, náprava

reforma, náprava

Ex: The Reformation significantly impacted the structure of worship, introducing changes in rituals and religious ceremonies.
Enlightenment
[Podstatné jméno]

a philosophical movement in the late 17th and 18th centuries that emphasized reason and science were of more importance than tradition and religion

osvícenství, osvobození

osvícenství, osvobození

Ex: The Enlightenment had a profound impact on political thought, influencing the ideas of democracy and individual rights.
restoration
[Podstatné jméno]

the reinstatement of the monarchy in England, particularly the return of King Charles II to the throne in 1660

obnovení, restaurace

obnovení, restaurace

Ex: Charles II 's policies during Restoration aimed at stabilizing the nation after years of political upheaval .
chronology
[Podstatné jméno]

the study of past events for the purpose of determining the order by which they occurred

kronologie, časová osa

kronologie, časová osa

medieval
[Přídavné jméno]

belonging or related to the Middle Ages, the period in European history from roughly the 5th to the 15th century

středověký, středověkého

středověký, středověkého

Ex: Medieval armor and weapons are displayed in the exhibit on chivalric knights .
prehistory
[Podstatné jméno]

the era in human history from which we have no written record

prehistorie, pravěk

prehistorie, pravěk

milestone
[Podstatné jméno]

an event or stage that has a very important impact on the progress of something

milník, významná událost

milník, významná událost

Ex: The new law marks milestone in environmental protection efforts .
holocaust
[Podstatné jméno]

a catastrophic event that results in widespread death and destruction

holocaust, katastrofa

holocaust, katastrofa

Ex: The holocaust caused by the oil spill affected both wildlife and local communities .
papyrus
[Podstatné jméno]

a manuscript or written record created on sheets of a plant material used in ancient Egypt for making paper-like scrolls and documents

papyrus, papis

papyrus, papis

Ex: Trade agreements and commercial transactions were documented papyrus, providing valuable insights into ancient economies .
Before Common Era
[Příslovce]

a secular designation used to represent dates in the Gregorian calendar before the traditional reference point of the birth of Jesus Christ

před naším letopočtem, před common era

před naším letopočtem, před common era

genocide
[Podstatné jméno]

a mass murder committed in order to destroy a particular nation, religious or ethnic group, or race

genocida, hromadná vražda

genocida, hromadná vražda

Ex: genocide and atrocities is a critical goal of international human rights efforts .
civil war
[Podstatné jméno]

a war that is between people who are in the same country

občanská válka, válka mezi občany

občanská válka, válka mezi občany

Ex: Civil wars typically arise from internal conflicts over political , social , or economic differences within a nation .
anno Domini
[Příslovce]

used to refer to a date that is after the birth of Jesus Christ

n.l., po Kristu

n.l., po Kristu

Ex: The Renaissance, a period of cultural and intellectual flourishing, occurred in Europe from the 14th to the 17th centuries AD, leading to significant advancements in art, science, and philosophy.
before Christ
[Příslovce]

marking the years before Christ's supposed birth

přede Christem, před naším letopočtem

přede Christem, před naším letopočtem

Ex: The ancient city of Rome was traditionally founded in 753 BC.
Common Era
[Příslovce]

used with a date to refer to things happened or existed after the birth of Christ

během obecné éry, v období společné éry

během obecné éry, v období společné éry

Ex: The American Declaration of Independence was adopted on July 4, 1776 CE.
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