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IELTS学术词汇 (分数6-7) - History

在这里,你将学习一些与历史相关的英语单词,这些单词是学术雅思考试所必需的。

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Vocabulary for Academic IELTS (6-7)
epoch
[名词]

a period of time in history or someone's life, during which significant events happen

时代, 纪元

时代, 纪元

Ex: The Civil Rights Movement was an epoch of profound social change and progress in the United States .民权运动是美国深刻社会变革和进步的**时代**。
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the study and writing of history, particularly the methods, interpretations, and principles used by historians to examine and interpret past events

史学, 史学研究

史学, 史学研究

Ex: The historiography of colonialism explores how historical events shaped power dynamics and cultural exchanges between colonizers and colonized .殖民主义的**史学**探讨了历史事件如何塑造殖民者与被殖民者之间的权力动态和文化交流。
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ice age
[名词]

one of the periods in history when ice covered large parts of the world

冰河时代, 冰川期

冰河时代, 冰川期

Ex: Geological evidence suggests that the ice age shaped many of the Earth 's current landscapes and ecosystems .地质证据表明,**冰河时代**塑造了地球当前的许多景观和生态系统。
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Bronze Age
[名词]

the period when iron was not discovered and people used bronze to make tools

青铜时代, 青铜时期

青铜时代, 青铜时期

Ex: Trade flourished during the Bronze Age, as cultures exchanged bronze goods , ideas , and innovations across vast distances .**青铜时代**贸易繁荣,文化跨越广阔距离交换青铜商品、思想和创新。
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Stone age
[名词]

the early period of human history when people used things such as stone, horn, bone, etc. to make tools

石器时代, 石时代

石器时代, 石时代

Ex: The transition from the Stone Age to the Bronze Age marked a significant technological and cultural shift in human history.从**石器时代**到青铜时代的过渡标志着人类历史上一次重大的技术和文化转变。
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dark ages
[名词]

the era in European history commenced at the end of the Roman Empire in AD 476 and lasted until AD 1000

黑暗时代, 中世纪早期

黑暗时代, 中世纪早期

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Iron Age
[名词]

the period that began about 1100 BC when people used iron tools for the first time

铁器时代, 铁器时期

铁器时代, 铁器时期

Ex: The Iron Age brought about changes in social structures and trade , as iron became a valuable and widely-used resource .**铁器时代**带来了社会结构和贸易的变化,因为铁成为一种宝贵且广泛使用的资源。
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peasant
[名词]

a farmer who owns or rents a small piece of land, particularly in the past or in poorer countries

农民, 农夫

农民, 农夫

Ex: In many poorer countries , peasants continue to use traditional farming methods handed down from their ancestors .在许多较贫穷的国家,**农民**继续使用祖先传下来的传统耕作方法。
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Renaissance
[名词]

the period between the 14th and 16th centuries in Europe, marked by a rise of interest in Greek and Roman cultures, which is dominant in the art, philosophy, etc. of the times

文艺复兴

文艺复兴

Ex: Florence is often considered the birthplace of the Renaissance due to its flourishing cultural and artistic environment .佛罗伦萨因其繁荣的文化和艺术环境常被认为是**文艺复兴**的发源地。
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an era in European history, between about AD 1000 and AD 1500, when the authority of kings, people of high rank, and the Christian Church was unquestionable

中世纪, 中古时期

中世纪, 中古时期

Ex: The Black Death was a devastating pandemic that struck Europe in the late Middle Ages, killing millions.黑死病是一种毁灭性的大流行病,在**中世纪**晚期袭击了欧洲,导致数百万人死亡。
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reformation
[名词]

a transformative 16th-century movement challenging and reforming practices within Christianity, leading to the establishment of Protestant denominations

改革, 宗教改革

改革, 宗教改革

Ex: The Reformation significantly impacted the structure of worship, introducing changes in rituals and religious ceremonies.**宗教改革**显著影响了崇拜的结构,引入了仪式和宗教典礼的变化。
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a philosophical movement in the late 17th and 18th centuries that emphasized reason and science were of more importance than tradition and religion

启蒙运动, 启蒙时代

启蒙运动, 启蒙时代

Ex: The Enlightenment had a profound impact on political thought, influencing the ideas of democracy and individual rights.**启蒙运动**对政治思想产生了深远的影响,影响了民主和个人权利的思想。
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restoration
[名词]

the reinstatement of the monarchy in England, particularly the return of King Charles II to the throne in 1660

复辟, 君主制的恢复

复辟, 君主制的恢复

Ex: Charles II 's policies during the Restoration aimed at stabilizing the nation after years of political upheaval .查理二世在**复辟**期间的政策旨在经过多年的政治动荡后稳定国家。
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chronology
[名词]

the study of past events for the purpose of determining the order by which they occurred

年代学, 年代学研究

年代学, 年代学研究

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medieval
[形容词]

belonging or related to the Middle Ages, the period in European history from roughly the 5th to the 15th century

中世纪的, 属于中世纪的

中世纪的, 属于中世纪的

Ex: Medieval armor and weapons are displayed in the exhibit on chivalric knights .关于骑士精神的展览中展出了**中世纪**的盔甲和武器。
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prehistory
[名词]

the era in human history from which we have no written record

史前史, 史前时代

史前史, 史前时代

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milestone
[名词]

an event or stage that has a very important impact on the progress of something

里程碑, 重要阶段

里程碑, 重要阶段

Ex: The new law marks a milestone in environmental protection efforts .新法律标志着环境保护努力的**里程碑**。
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holocaust
[名词]

a catastrophic event that results in widespread death and destruction

大屠杀, 灾难

大屠杀, 灾难

Ex: The environmental holocaust caused by the oil spill affected both wildlife and local communities .石油泄漏造成的环境**大灾难**影响了野生动物和当地社区。
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papyrus
[名词]

a manuscript or written record created on sheets of a plant material used in ancient Egypt for making paper-like scrolls and documents

纸莎草纸, 纸莎草纸手稿

纸莎草纸, 纸莎草纸手稿

Ex: Trade agreements and commercial transactions were documented on papyrus, providing valuable insights into ancient economies .贸易协议和商业交易被记录在**纸莎草**上,为古代经济提供了宝贵的见解。
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a secular designation used to represent dates in the Gregorian calendar before the traditional reference point of the birth of Jesus Christ

公元前, 共同纪元前

公元前, 共同纪元前

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genocide
[名词]

a mass murder committed in order to destroy a particular nation, religious or ethnic group, or race

种族灭绝, 大屠杀

种族灭绝, 大屠杀

Ex: Preventing genocide and atrocities is a critical goal of international human rights efforts .防止**种族灭绝**和暴行是国际人权努力的一个关键目标。
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civil war
[名词]

a war that is between people who are in the same country

内战, 内部冲突

内战, 内部冲突

Ex: Civil wars typically arise from internal conflicts over political , social , or economic differences within a nation .**内战**通常源于一个国家内部因政治、社会或经济差异而产生的内部冲突。
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anno Domini
[副词]

used to refer to a date that is after the birth of Jesus Christ

公元, 公元

公元, 公元

Ex: The Renaissance, a period of cultural and intellectual flourishing, occurred in Europe from the 14th to the 17th centuries AD, leading to significant advancements in art, science, and philosophy.文艺复兴,一个文化和知识繁荣的时期,发生在欧洲从14世纪到17世纪**公元**,导致艺术、科学和哲学的重大进步。
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marking the years before Christ's supposed birth

公元前

公元前

Ex: The ancient city of Rome was traditionally founded in 753 BC.古罗马城传统上建立于公元前753年。
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Common Era
[副词]

used with a date to refer to things happened or existed after the birth of Christ

公元, 公元后

公元, 公元后

Ex: The American Declaration of Independence was adopted on July 4, 1776 CE.美国独立宣言于公元1776年7月4日通过。
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IELTS学术词汇 (分数6-7)
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