Список Слов Уровня C2 - Philosophy

a method of uncovering the truth about something by comparing contradicting ideas and considering different theories

диалектика

a person's overall philosophical perspective or worldview

мировосприятие

a system of thought that considers life as meaningless and rejects religious beliefs, moral principles, legal rules, etc.

нигилизм

the doctrine that the best measure or decision is the one that satisfies the majority of people

утилитаризм

an ancient Greek philosophy that values virtue and encourages living in harmony with nature's divine Reason

стоицизм

a philosophical concept or belief system that asserts the self as the only reality and that only the individual's mind is sure to exist

солипсизм

the branch of philosophy that is concerned with concepts such as existence, being, and reality

онтология

a philosophical theory asserting that all of reality is fundamentally unified and derived from a single substance or principle

монизм

a philosophy that emphasizes individual rights, reason, and laissez-faire capitalism

объективизм

a notion in philosophy according to which knowledge, moral values, and ethical obligations are subjective and there is no external or objective truth

субъективизм

the belief that life is inherently meaningless, yet individuals can create their own meaning

абсурдизм

the study of purpose, design, and final causes in the natural world, exploring the idea that things have inherent goals or intentions

телология

the philosophy illustrating the core acknowledgment of one's existence through the act of thinking

когито

a fundamental, indivisible entity or substance, often associated with Leibnizian philosophy, possessing inherent characteristics and reflecting the entire universe from its unique perspective

монада

a philosophical movement that emerged in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, emphasizing the practical consequences and real-world effectiveness of beliefs, theories, and actions

прагматизм

a philosophical term referring to the intrinsic nature of a thing, independent of human perception, in contrast to phenomena which are how things appear to human observers

нуомен

the state of surpassing ordinary experience to reach higher understanding or existence

трансцендентность

a theory stating that all knowledge is derived from experience

эмпиризм

a doubtful view toward others' honesty or intentions

цинизм

a Chinese philosophy focusing on living in harmony with the Tao, the fundamental principle of the universe

даосизм

a philosophy advocating minimal government intervention and prioritizing individual freedom

либертарианство

the belief that reality consists of two fundamental and opposing components, such as mind and body or good and evil

дуализм

the belief that events and outcomes are predetermined and inevitable, with little or no control by individuals

фатализм

a philosophy method that reveals and challenges underlying assumptions in texts and concepts

деконструкция

a system of belief that the highest of good is when one is in the pursuit of pleasure

гедонизм

related to the philosophical concepts of René Descartes, particularly his focus on rationalism and mind-body dualism

картезианский

relating to the philosophical principles advocated by Immanuel Kant, focusing on rationality and morality

кантианский

related to the teaching or method of questioning used by the ancient Greek philosopher Socrates

сократический

relating to a system of thought emphasizing intuition and spirituality over empirical evidence, seeking to understand reality beyond the physical world

трансцендентальный

a fundamental belief or principle that is central to a system of thought, philosophy, or religion

принцип