C2レベルの単語リスト - Philosophy

a method of uncovering the truth about something by comparing contradicting ideas and considering different theories

弁証法

a person's overall philosophical perspective or worldview

世界観, 哲学的視点

a system of thought that considers life as meaningless and rejects religious beliefs, moral principles, legal rules, etc.

ニヒリズム

the doctrine that the best measure or decision is the one that satisfies the majority of people

功利主義

an ancient Greek philosophy that values virtue and encourages living in harmony with nature's divine Reason

ストイック哲学

a philosophical concept or belief system that asserts the self as the only reality and that only the individual's mind is sure to exist

唯我論

the branch of philosophy that is concerned with concepts such as existence, being, and reality

存在論

a philosophical theory asserting that all of reality is fundamentally unified and derived from a single substance or principle

一元論

a philosophy that emphasizes individual rights, reason, and laissez-faire capitalism

客観主義

a notion in philosophy according to which knowledge, moral values, and ethical obligations are subjective and there is no external or objective truth

主観主義, 主観性

the belief that life is inherently meaningless, yet individuals can create their own meaning

不条理主義, アブサード

the study of purpose, design, and final causes in the natural world, exploring the idea that things have inherent goals or intentions

テレオロジー, 目的論

the philosophy illustrating the core acknowledgment of one's existence through the act of thinking

コギト, 思考

a fundamental, indivisible entity or substance, often associated with Leibnizian philosophy, possessing inherent characteristics and reflecting the entire universe from its unique perspective

モナド, 分割できない実体

a philosophical movement that emerged in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, emphasizing the practical consequences and real-world effectiveness of beliefs, theories, and actions

プラグマティズム

a philosophical term referring to the intrinsic nature of a thing, independent of human perception, in contrast to phenomena which are how things appear to human observers

ノエメノン, ヌーメノン

the state of surpassing ordinary experience to reach higher understanding or existence

超越性, トランスセンデンス

a theory stating that all knowledge is derived from experience

経験主義

a doubtful view toward others' honesty or intentions

シニシズム

a Chinese philosophy focusing on living in harmony with the Tao, the fundamental principle of the universe

道教

a philosophy advocating minimal government intervention and prioritizing individual freedom

リバタリアニズム, リバタリアン哲学

the belief that reality consists of two fundamental and opposing components, such as mind and body or good and evil

二元論

the belief that events and outcomes are predetermined and inevitable, with little or no control by individuals

運命論

a philosophy method that reveals and challenges underlying assumptions in texts and concepts

脱構築

a system of belief that the highest of good is when one is in the pursuit of pleasure

快楽主義

related to the philosophical concepts of René Descartes, particularly his focus on rationalism and mind-body dualism

デカルト的, カルテジアン

relating to the philosophical principles advocated by Immanuel Kant, focusing on rationality and morality

カント派の, カント派の

related to the teaching or method of questioning used by the ancient Greek philosopher Socrates

ソクラテス的, ソクラテスに関連する

relating to a system of thought emphasizing intuition and spirituality over empirical evidence, seeking to understand reality beyond the physical world

超越的, 形而上の

a fundamental belief or principle that is central to a system of thought, philosophy, or religion

原則, 信条