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a structured method of reasoning in which truth is reached through the systematic exchange of logical arguments
a person's overall philosophical perspective or worldview
世界観, 人生観
the rejection or denial of all established authority, values, and institutions
the doctrine that the best measure or decision is the one that satisfies the majority of people
功利主義, 有用性の教義
an ancient Greek philosophy that values virtue and encourages living in harmony with nature's divine Reason
ストア哲学, ストイック哲学
a philosophical concept or belief system that asserts the self as the only reality and that only the individual's mind is sure to exist
独我論, 哲学的自己中心主義
the branch of philosophy that is concerned with concepts such as existence, being, and reality
存在論
a philosophical theory asserting that all of reality is fundamentally unified and derived from a single substance or principle
一元論, 一元論の理論
a philosophy that emphasizes individual rights, reason, and laissez-faire capitalism
客観主義, 客観主義の哲学
a notion in philosophy according to which knowledge, moral values, and ethical obligations are subjective and there is no external or objective truth
主観主義, 主観主義の教義
the belief that life is inherently meaningless, yet individuals can create their own meaning
不条理主義, 不条理
the study of purpose, design, and final causes in the natural world, exploring the idea that things have inherent goals or intentions
目的論, 目的の研究
the philosophy illustrating the core acknowledgment of one's existence through the act of thinking
cogito, 思考する行為を通じて自己の存在の核心的な承認を説明する哲学
a fundamental, indivisible entity or substance, often associated with Leibnizian philosophy, possessing inherent characteristics and reflecting the entire universe from its unique perspective
モナド, 分割不能な実体
a philosophical movement that emerged in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, emphasizing the practical consequences and real-world effectiveness of beliefs, theories, and actions
プラグマティズム, 実用主義哲学
a philosophical term referring to the intrinsic nature of a thing, independent of human perception, in contrast to phenomena which are how things appear to human observers
ヌーメノン, 物自体
a state of existing beyond the bounds of physical or material experience
(in philosophy) the doctrine that knowledge is derived from sensory experience rather than theory or intuition
a Chinese philosophy and religion founded on the teachings of Lao-tzu and developed by Chuang-tzu, emphasizing harmony with the Tao, simplicity, and natural order
a philosophy advocating minimal government intervention and prioritizing individual freedom
リバタリアニズム, 自由主義リバタリアン
the belief that reality consists of two fundamental and opposing components, such as mind and body or good and evil
二元論, 二元論の教義
the philosophical doctrine that all events are predetermined and humans cannot change them
a philosophy method that reveals and challenges underlying assumptions in texts and concepts
脱構築, 脱構築の方法
an ethical doctrine holding that the pursuit of pleasure is the highest good and proper aim of life
related to the philosophical concepts of René Descartes, particularly his focus on rationalism and mind-body dualism
デカルトの
relating to the philosophical principles advocated by Immanuel Kant, focusing on rationality and morality
カントの, カント的な
related to the teaching or method of questioning used by the ancient Greek philosopher Socrates
ソクラテスの
relating to or characteristic of a philosophy that emphasizes intuition and the spiritual over empirical or material experience
