Seznam Slovíček Úrovně C2 - Philosophy

a method of uncovering the truth about something by comparing contradicting ideas and considering different theories

dialektika

a person's overall philosophical perspective or worldview

světový názor, filozofická perspektiva

a system of thought that considers life as meaningless and rejects religious beliefs, moral principles, legal rules, etc.

nihilismus

the doctrine that the best measure or decision is the one that satisfies the majority of people

utilitarismus

an ancient Greek philosophy that values virtue and encourages living in harmony with nature's divine Reason

stoicismus

a philosophical concept or belief system that asserts the self as the only reality and that only the individual's mind is sure to exist

solipsismus

the branch of philosophy that is concerned with concepts such as existence, being, and reality

ontologie

a philosophical theory asserting that all of reality is fundamentally unified and derived from a single substance or principle

monismus

a philosophy that emphasizes individual rights, reason, and laissez-faire capitalism

objektivismus

a notion in philosophy according to which knowledge, moral values, and ethical obligations are subjective and there is no external or objective truth

subjektivismus, subjektivita

the belief that life is inherently meaningless, yet individuals can create their own meaning

absurdismus, absurdity

the study of purpose, design, and final causes in the natural world, exploring the idea that things have inherent goals or intentions

teleologie, studium cílů

the philosophy illustrating the core acknowledgment of one's existence through the act of thinking

cogito, myšlení

a fundamental, indivisible entity or substance, often associated with Leibnizian philosophy, possessing inherent characteristics and reflecting the entire universe from its unique perspective

monáda, nedělitelná jednotka

a philosophical movement that emerged in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, emphasizing the practical consequences and real-world effectiveness of beliefs, theories, and actions

pragmatismus

a philosophical term referring to the intrinsic nature of a thing, independent of human perception, in contrast to phenomena which are how things appear to human observers

noumenon, nomenon

the state of surpassing ordinary experience to reach higher understanding or existence

transcendence, překročení

a theory stating that all knowledge is derived from experience

empirismus

a doubtful view toward others' honesty or intentions

cynismus

a Chinese philosophy focusing on living in harmony with the Tao, the fundamental principle of the universe

taoismus

a philosophy advocating minimal government intervention and prioritizing individual freedom

libertarianismus, libertariánská filozofie

the belief that reality consists of two fundamental and opposing components, such as mind and body or good and evil

dualismus

the belief that events and outcomes are predetermined and inevitable, with little or no control by individuals

fatalismus

a philosophy method that reveals and challenges underlying assumptions in texts and concepts

dekonstrukce

a system of belief that the highest of good is when one is in the pursuit of pleasure

hedonismus

related to the philosophical concepts of René Descartes, particularly his focus on rationalism and mind-body dualism

kartézský, descartesovský

relating to the philosophical principles advocated by Immanuel Kant, focusing on rationality and morality

kantovský, kantovská

related to the teaching or method of questioning used by the ancient Greek philosopher Socrates

sokratovský, týkající se Sokrata

relating to a system of thought emphasizing intuition and spirituality over empirical evidence, seeking to understand reality beyond the physical world

transcendentální, transcendentální

a fundamental belief or principle that is central to a system of thought, philosophy, or religion

princip, dogma