Lista de Palavras Nível C2 - Philosophy

a method of uncovering the truth about something by comparing contradicting ideas and considering different theories

dialética

a person's overall philosophical perspective or worldview

visão de mundo

a system of thought that considers life as meaningless and rejects religious beliefs, moral principles, legal rules, etc.

niilismo

the doctrine that the best measure or decision is the one that satisfies the majority of people

utilitarismo

an ancient Greek philosophy that values virtue and encourages living in harmony with nature's divine Reason

estoicismo

a philosophical concept or belief system that asserts the self as the only reality and that only the individual's mind is sure to exist

solipsismo

the branch of philosophy that is concerned with concepts such as existence, being, and reality

ontologia

a philosophical theory asserting that all of reality is fundamentally unified and derived from a single substance or principle

monismo

a philosophy that emphasizes individual rights, reason, and laissez-faire capitalism

objetivismo

a notion in philosophy according to which knowledge, moral values, and ethical obligations are subjective and there is no external or objective truth

subjetivismo

the belief that life is inherently meaningless, yet individuals can create their own meaning

absurdismo

the study of purpose, design, and final causes in the natural world, exploring the idea that things have inherent goals or intentions

teologia

the philosophy illustrating the core acknowledgment of one's existence through the act of thinking

cogito

a fundamental, indivisible entity or substance, often associated with Leibnizian philosophy, possessing inherent characteristics and reflecting the entire universe from its unique perspective

monada

a philosophical movement that emerged in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, emphasizing the practical consequences and real-world effectiveness of beliefs, theories, and actions

pragmatismo

a philosophical term referring to the intrinsic nature of a thing, independent of human perception, in contrast to phenomena which are how things appear to human observers

noumeno

the state of surpassing ordinary experience to reach higher understanding or existence

transcendência

a theory stating that all knowledge is derived from experience

empirismo

a doubtful view toward others' honesty or intentions

cinismo

a Chinese philosophy focusing on living in harmony with the Tao, the fundamental principle of the universe

taoísmo

a philosophy advocating minimal government intervention and prioritizing individual freedom

libertarianismo

the belief that reality consists of two fundamental and opposing components, such as mind and body or good and evil

dualismo

the belief that events and outcomes are predetermined and inevitable, with little or no control by individuals

fatalismo

a philosophy method that reveals and challenges underlying assumptions in texts and concepts

deconstrução

a system of belief that the highest of good is when one is in the pursuit of pleasure

hedonismo

related to the philosophical concepts of René Descartes, particularly his focus on rationalism and mind-body dualism

cartesiano

relating to the philosophical principles advocated by Immanuel Kant, focusing on rationality and morality

kantiano

related to the teaching or method of questioning used by the ancient Greek philosopher Socrates

socrático

relating to a system of thought emphasizing intuition and spirituality over empirical evidence, seeking to understand reality beyond the physical world

transcendental

a fundamental belief or principle that is central to a system of thought, philosophy, or religion

princípio