فهرست واژگان سطح C2 - فلسفه

a structured method of reasoning in which truth is reached through the systematic exchange of logical arguments

a person's overall philosophical perspective or worldview

the rejection or denial of all established authority, values, and institutions

the doctrine that the best measure or decision is the one that satisfies the majority of people

an ancient Greek philosophy that values virtue and encourages living in harmony with nature's divine Reason

a philosophical concept or belief system that asserts the self as the only reality and that only the individual's mind is sure to exist

the branch of philosophy that is concerned with concepts such as existence, being, and reality

a philosophical theory asserting that all of reality is fundamentally unified and derived from a single substance or principle

a philosophy that emphasizes individual rights, reason, and laissez-faire capitalism

a notion in philosophy according to which knowledge, moral values, and ethical obligations are subjective and there is no external or objective truth

the belief that life is inherently meaningless, yet individuals can create their own meaning

the study of purpose, design, and final causes in the natural world, exploring the idea that things have inherent goals or intentions

the philosophy illustrating the core acknowledgment of one's existence through the act of thinking

a fundamental, indivisible entity or substance, often associated with Leibnizian philosophy, possessing inherent characteristics and reflecting the entire universe from its unique perspective

a philosophical movement that emerged in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, emphasizing the practical consequences and real-world effectiveness of beliefs, theories, and actions

a philosophical term referring to the intrinsic nature of a thing, independent of human perception, in contrast to phenomena which are how things appear to human observers

a state of existing beyond the bounds of physical or material experience

(in philosophy) the doctrine that knowledge is derived from sensory experience rather than theory or intuition

a Chinese philosophy and religion founded on the teachings of Lao-tzu and developed by Chuang-tzu, emphasizing harmony with the Tao, simplicity, and natural order

a philosophy advocating minimal government intervention and prioritizing individual freedom

the belief that reality consists of two fundamental and opposing components, such as mind and body or good and evil

the philosophical doctrine that all events are predetermined and humans cannot change them

a philosophy method that reveals and challenges underlying assumptions in texts and concepts

an ethical doctrine holding that the pursuit of pleasure is the highest good and proper aim of life

related to the philosophical concepts of René Descartes, particularly his focus on rationalism and mind-body dualism

relating to the philosophical principles advocated by Immanuel Kant, focusing on rationality and morality

related to the teaching or method of questioning used by the ancient Greek philosopher Socrates

relating to or characteristic of a philosophy that emphasizes intuition and the spiritual over empirical or material experience

a fundamental belief or principle that is central to a system of thought, philosophy, or religion