Daftar Kata Level C2 - Philosophy

Di sini Anda akan mempelajari semua kata penting untuk berbicara tentang Filsafat, yang dikumpulkan khusus untuk pelajar tingkat C2.

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Daftar Kata Level C2
dialectic [Kata benda]
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a structured method of reasoning in which truth is reached through the systematic exchange of logical arguments

Ex: The philosopher taught dialectic as a way to uncover inconsistencies in thought .
weltanschauung [Kata benda]
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pandangan dunia

Ex: A person 's weltanschauung shapes their perception of reality .

Weltanschauung seseorang membentuk persepsi mereka tentang realitas.

nihilism [Kata benda]
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the rejection or denial of all established authority, values, and institutions

Ex: Political nihilism often manifests as distrust of governments .
utilitarianism [Kata benda]
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utilitarianisme

Ex: Utilitarianism holds that the morality of an action is determined by its consequences , with the greatest good for the greatest number being the guiding principle .

Utilitarianisme berpendapat bahwa moralitas suatu tindakan ditentukan oleh konsekuensinya, dengan kebaikan terbesar untuk jumlah terbesar sebagai prinsip panduan.

stoicism [Kata benda]
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stoikisme

Ex: Stoicism philosophy teaches that major life changes and loss , while painful , need not shatter one 's inner strength and tranquility if one submits to fate .

Filosofi stoikisme mengajarkan bahwa perubahan besar dalam hidup dan kehilangan, meskipun menyakitkan, tidak perlu menghancurkan kekuatan batin dan ketenangan seseorang jika seseorang menyerah pada takdir.

solipsism [Kata benda]
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solipsisme

Ex: Solipsism suggests that the individual 's own thoughts and perceptions are the only certain reality .

Solipsisme menyarankan bahwa pikiran dan persepsi individu sendiri adalah satu-satunya realitas yang pasti.

ontology [Kata benda]
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ontologi

Ex: Ontology explores questions about what exists , how entities relate to one another , and the fundamental nature of reality .

Ontologi mengeksplorasi pertanyaan tentang apa yang ada, bagaimana entitas berhubungan satu sama lain, dan sifat dasar realitas.

monism [Kata benda]
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monisme

Ex: Materialistic monism contends that everything in the universe is ultimately composed of physical matter .

Monisme materialistik berpendapat bahwa segala sesuatu di alam semesta pada akhirnya terdiri dari materi fisik.

objectivism [Kata benda]
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objektivisme

Ex: Objectivism posits that reality exists independently of consciousness and that individuals can gain objective knowledge through reason .

Objectivisme berpendapat bahwa realitas ada terlepas dari kesadaran dan bahwa individu dapat memperoleh pengetahuan objektif melalui akal.

subjectivism [Kata benda]
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subjektivisme

Ex: Subjectivism asserts that truth and morality are relative to individual perspectives, rejecting the existence of universal or objective standards.

Subjektivisme menegaskan bahwa kebenaran dan moralitas relatif terhadap perspektif individu, menolak keberadaan standar universal atau objektif.

absurdism [Kata benda]
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absurdisme

Ex: Absurdism, as articulated by philosophers like Albert Camus, holds that the search for meaning in a chaotic and indifferent universe is inherently futile.

Absurdisme, seperti yang diartikulasikan oleh filsuf seperti Albert Camus, berpendapat bahwa pencarian makna dalam alam semesta yang kacau dan acuh tak acuh pada dasarnya sia-sia.

teleology [Kata benda]
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teleologi

Ex: Evolutionary biology often explores the apparent teleology in the adaptations of living organisms , considering whether they result from intentional design .

Biologi evolusioner sering mengeksplorasi teleologi yang tampak dalam adaptasi organisme hidup, mempertimbangkan apakah mereka hasil dari desain yang disengaja.

cogito [Kata benda]
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cogito

Ex: René Descartes famously encapsulated the essence of cogito in the phrase " Cogito , ergo sum , " meaning " I think , therefore I am . "

René Descartes terkenal merangkum esensi cogito dalam frasa "Cogito, ergo sum," yang berarti "Aku berpikir, maka aku ada".

monad [Kata benda]
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monad

Ex: In Leibniz 's philosophy , monads are considered the ultimate building blocks of reality , each expressing a unique perspective on the entire universe .

Dalam filsafat Leibniz, monad dianggap sebagai blok bangunan utama realitas, masing-masing mengekspresikan perspektif unik tentang seluruh alam semesta.

pragmatism [Kata benda]
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pragmatisme

Ex: Philosophical pragmatism , as advocated by thinkers like William James , emphasizes the practical consequences of ideas and beliefs rather than their abstract or theoretical foundations .

Pragmatisme filosofis, seperti yang dianjurkan oleh pemikir seperti William James, menekankan konsekuensi praktis dari ide dan keyakinan daripada fondasi abstrak atau teoretis mereka.

noumenon [Kata benda]
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noumenon

Ex: The concept of noumenon underscores the idea that our knowledge is constrained to the realm of appearances .

Konsep noumenon menekankan gagasan bahwa pengetahuan kita terbatas pada ranah penampakan.

transcendence [Kata benda]
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a state of existing beyond the bounds of physical or material experience

Ex: Meditation helped her achieve a sense of transcendence beyond everyday concerns .
empiricism [Kata benda]
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(in philosophy) the doctrine that knowledge is derived from sensory experience rather than theory or intuition

Ex: John Locke is a central figure in philosophical empiricism .
Taoism [Kata benda]
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a Chinese philosophy and religion founded on the teachings of Lao-tzu and developed by Chuang-tzu, emphasizing harmony with the Tao, simplicity, and natural order

Ex: Taoism teaches that the best way to live is to follow the flow of nature .
libertarianism [Kata benda]
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libertarianisme

Ex: The core principle of libertarianism is prioritizing individual rights and autonomy .

Prinsip inti dari libertarianisme adalah memprioritaskan hak individu dan otonomi.

dualism [Kata benda]
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dualisme

Ex: Cartesian dualism , proposed by René Descartes , posits a separation between the mind and the body as two distinct substances .

Dualisme Cartesian, yang diusulkan oleh René Descartes, menempatkan pemisahan antara pikiran dan tubuh sebagai dua substansi yang berbeda.

fatalism [Kata benda]
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the philosophical doctrine that all events are predetermined and humans cannot change them

Ex: Ancient Stoics embraced fatalism , believing the course of life was fixed .
deconstruction [Kata benda]
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dekonstruksi

Ex: Deconstruction uncovers hidden meanings in texts .

Dekonstruksi mengungkap makna tersembunyi dalam teks.

hedonism [Kata benda]
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an ethical doctrine holding that the pursuit of pleasure is the highest good and proper aim of life

Ex: Ancient Greek philosophers such as Epicurus developed theories of hedonism .
Cartesian [Adjektiva]
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Kartesian

Ex: Descartes ' cartesian philosophy stresses the importance of reason and logic .

Filsafat Cartesian Descartes menekankan pentingnya akal dan logika.

Kantian [Adjektiva]
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Kantian

Ex: Rooted in Kantian ethics is the emphasis on rationality in determining morality .

Berakar dalam etika Kantian adalah penekanan pada rasionalitas dalam menentukan moralitas.

socratic [Adjektiva]
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Sokratik

Ex: The Socratic method involves asking probing questions to stimulate discussion and promote understanding.

Metode Sokratik melibatkan pertanyaan yang mendalam untuk merangsang diskusi dan mempromosikan pemahaman.

transcendental [Adjektiva]
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relating to or characteristic of a philosophy that emphasizes intuition and the spiritual over empirical or material experience

Ex: Emerson 's writings are central to American transcendental thought .
tenet [Kata benda]
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prinsip

Ex: The tenet of democracy underscores the importance of representative governance and individual freedoms .

Prinsip demokrasi menekankan pentingnya pemerintahan perwakilan dan kebebasan individu.