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Daftar Kata Level C2 - Filsafat

Di sini Anda akan mempelajari semua kata penting untuk berbicara tentang Filsafat, yang dikumpulkan khusus untuk pelajar tingkat C2.

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CEFR C2 Vocabulary
dialectic
dialectic
[Kata benda]

a structured method of reasoning in which truth is reached through the systematic exchange of logical arguments

dialektika, metode dialektis

dialektika, metode dialektis

Ex: The philosopher taught dialectic as a way to uncover inconsistencies in thought. 

Filsuf itu mengajarkan dialektika sebagai cara untuk mengungkap ketidakkonsistenan dalam pemikiran.

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weltanschauung
weltanschauung
[Kata benda]

a person's overall philosophical perspective or worldview

pandangan dunia, cara pandang dunia

pandangan dunia, cara pandang dunia

Ex: Weltanschauung influences beliefs about morality. 

Weltanschauung memengaruhi keyakinan tentang moralitas.

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nihilism
nihilism
[Kata benda]

the rejection or denial of all established authority, values, and institutions

nihilisme, nihilisme

nihilisme, nihilisme

Ex: Political nihilism often manifests as distrust of governments. 

Nihilisme politik sering kali terwujud sebagai ketidakpercayaan terhadap pemerintah.

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utilitarianism
utilitarianism
[Kata benda]

the doctrine that the best measure or decision is the one that satisfies the majority of people

utilitarianisme, doktrin utilitas

utilitarianisme, doktrin utilitas

Ex: Critics of utilitarianism argue that it can lead to morally objectionable outcomes, such as sacrificing the rights or well-being of minorities for the greater good of the majority. 

Para kritikus utilitarianisme berpendapat bahwa hal itu dapat mengarah pada hasil yang secara moral tidak dapat diterima, seperti mengorbankan hak atau kesejahteraan minoritas untuk kepentingan mayoritas yang lebih besar.

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stoicism
stoicism
[Kata benda]

an ancient Greek philosophy that values virtue and encourages living in harmony with nature's divine Reason

stoikisme, filsafat stoik

stoikisme, filsafat stoik

Ex: Stoicism philosophy teaches that major life changes and loss, while painful, need not shatter one's inner strength and tranquility if one submits to fate. 

Filosofi stoikisme mengajarkan bahwa perubahan besar dalam hidup dan kehilangan, meskipun menyakitkan, tidak perlu menghancurkan kekuatan batin dan ketenangan seseorang jika seseorang menyerah pada takdir.

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solipsism
solipsism
[Kata benda]

a philosophical concept or belief system that asserts the self as the only reality and that only the individual's mind is sure to exist

solipsisme, egosentrisme filosofis

solipsisme, egosentrisme filosofis

Ex: Solipsism challenges the idea of objective reality, positing that only the individual's mind is truly known. 

Solipsisme menantang gagasan realitas objektif, dengan mengasumsikan bahwa hanya pikiran individu yang benar-benar diketahui.

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ontology
ontology
[Kata benda]

the branch of philosophy that is concerned with concepts such as existence, being, and reality

ontologi

ontologi

Ex: Ontology seeks to uncover the ultimate nature of reality, addressing questions about the nature of existence, identity, and change. 

Ontologi berusaha untuk mengungkap sifat hakiki realitas, menangani pertanyaan tentang sifat keberadaan, identitas, dan perubahan.

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monism
monism
[Kata benda]

a philosophical theory asserting that all of reality is fundamentally unified and derived from a single substance or principle

monisme, teori monistik

monisme, teori monistik

Ex: Spinoza's philosophy embraces monism, asserting that God and nature are two aspects of the same ultimate substance. 

Filsafat Spinoza merangkul monisme, menegaskan bahwa Tuhan dan alam adalah dua aspek dari substansi utama yang sama.

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objectivism
objectivism
[Kata benda]

a philosophy that emphasizes individual rights, reason, and laissez-faire capitalism

objektivisme, filsafat objektivisme

objektivisme, filsafat objektivisme

Ex: Objectivism advocates for laissez-faire capitalism as the ideal social system, arguing that it respects individual rights and fosters human flourishing. 

Objektivisme menganjurkan kapitalisme laissez-faire sebagai sistem sosial yang ideal, dengan alasan bahwa itu menghormati hak individu dan mendorong kemakmuran manusia.

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subjectivism
subjectivism
[Kata benda]

a notion in philosophy according to which knowledge, moral values, and ethical obligations are subjective and there is no external or objective truth

subjektivisme, doktrin subjektivisme

subjektivisme, doktrin subjektivisme

Ex: Critics of subjectivism argue that it leads to moral relativism, where any action can be justified based on individual beliefs, undermining shared ethical norms. 

Kritikus subjektivisme berpendapat bahwa hal itu mengarah pada relativisme moral, di mana tindakan apa pun dapat dibenarkan berdasarkan keyakinan individu, merusak norma etika yang sama.

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absurdism
absurdism
[Kata benda]

the belief that life is inherently meaningless, yet individuals can create their own meaning

absurdisme, kekonyolan

absurdisme, kekonyolan

Ex: The philosophy of absurdism explores the tension between humans' desire for meaning and the silent, indifferent universe that offers none. 

Filsafat absurdisme mengeksplorasi ketegangan antara keinginan manusia akan makna dan alam semesta yang diam dan acuh tak acuh yang tidak menawarkan apapun.

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teleology
teleology
[Kata benda]

the study of purpose, design, and final causes in the natural world, exploring the idea that things have inherent goals or intentions

teleologi, studi tentang tujuan

teleologi, studi tentang tujuan

Ex: In discussions about artificial intelligence, questions of teleology arise regarding the purpose and goals programmed into machines. 

Dalam diskusi tentang kecerdasan buatan, muncul pertanyaan teleologi mengenai tujuan dan sasaran yang diprogram ke dalam mesin.

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cogito
cogito
[Kata benda]

the philosophy illustrating the core acknowledgment of one's existence through the act of thinking

cogito, filsafat yang menggambarkan pengakuan inti akan keberadaan seseorang melalui tindakan berpikir

cogito, filsafat yang menggambarkan pengakuan inti akan keberadaan seseorang melalui tindakan berpikir

Ex: Cogito emphasizes that while all external truths can be questioned, the existence of one's own mind is undeniably certain. 

Cogito menekankan bahwa sementara semua kebenaran eksternal dapat dipertanyakan, keberadaan pikiran sendiri tidak dapat disangkal.

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monad
monad
[Kata benda]

a fundamental, indivisible entity or substance, often associated with Leibnizian philosophy, possessing inherent characteristics and reflecting the entire universe from its unique perspective

monad, entitas yang tidak terbagi

monad, entitas yang tidak terbagi

Ex: The concept of monads has been debated and adapted in various philosophical traditions, influencing discussions on mind-body dualism and metaphysics. 

Konsep monad telah diperdebatkan dan diadaptasi dalam berbagai tradisi filosofis, mempengaruhi diskusi tentang dualisme pikiran-tubuh dan metafisika.

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pragmatism
pragmatism
[Kata benda]

a philosophical movement that emerged in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, emphasizing the practical consequences and real-world effectiveness of beliefs, theories, and actions

pragmatisme, filsafat pragmatis

pragmatisme, filsafat pragmatis

Ex: According to the principles of philosophical pragmatism, truth is not an abstract concept but is defined by its utility and effectiveness in achieving practical goals. 

Menurut prinsip pragmatisme filosofis, kebenaran bukanlah konsep abstrak tetapi didefinisikan oleh kegunaan dan efektivitasnya dalam mencapai tujuan praktis.

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noumenon
noumenon
[Kata benda]

a philosophical term referring to the intrinsic nature of a thing, independent of human perception, in contrast to phenomena which are how things appear to human observers

noumenon, benda dalam dirinya sendiri

noumenon, benda dalam dirinya sendiri

Ex: Noumenon encourages reflection on the nature of perception, reality, and the boundaries of human cognition. 

Noumenon mendorong refleksi tentang sifat persepsi, realitas, dan batas-batas kognisi manusia.

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transcendence
transcendence
[Kata benda]

a state of existing beyond the bounds of physical or material experience

transendensi, melampaui

transendensi, melampaui

Ex: The artwork evokes transcendence through its ethereal imagery. 

Karya seni membangkitkan transendensi melalui citraannya yang halus.

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empiricism
empiricism
[Kata benda]

(in philosophy) the doctrine that knowledge is derived from sensory experience rather than theory or intuition

empirisme, empirisme

empirisme, empirisme

Ex: The theory reflects empiricism in its insistence on evidence from experience. 

Teori ini mencerminkan empirisme dalam penekanannya pada bukti dari pengalaman.

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Taoism
Taoism
[Kata benda]

a Chinese philosophy and religion founded on the teachings of Lao-tzu and developed by Chuang-tzu, emphasizing harmony with the Tao, simplicity, and natural order

Taoisme, Daoisme

Taoisme, Daoisme

Ex: Taoism values simplicity, humility, and balance over ambition. 

Taoisme menghargai kesederhanaan, kerendahan hati, dan keseimbangan daripada ambisi.

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libertarianism
libertarianism
[Kata benda]

a philosophy advocating minimal government intervention and prioritizing individual freedom

libertarianisme, liberalisme libertarian

libertarianisme, liberalisme libertarian

Ex: Libertarianism upholds individual rights and voluntary interactions. 

Libertarianisme menjunjung tinggi hak individu dan interaksi sukarela.

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dualism
dualism
[Kata benda]

the belief that reality consists of two fundamental and opposing components, such as mind and body or good and evil

dualisme, doktrin dualisme

dualisme, doktrin dualisme

Ex: Epistemological dualism asserts a fundamental distinction between the realms of knowledge, separating subjective experiences from objective reality. 

Dualisme epistemologis menegaskan perbedaan mendasar antara ranah pengetahuan, memisahkan pengalaman subjektif dari realitas objektif.

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fatalism
fatalism
[Kata benda]

the philosophical doctrine that all events are predetermined and humans cannot change them

fatalisme, determinisme fatalistik

fatalisme, determinisme fatalistik

Ex: The novel's plot reflected a worldview steeped in fatalism. 

Plot novel itu mencerminkan pandangan dunia yang terendam dalam fatalisme.

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deconstruction
deconstruction
[Kata benda]

a philosophy method that reveals and challenges underlying assumptions in texts and concepts

dekonstruksi, metode dekonstruksi

dekonstruksi, metode dekonstruksi

Ex: Derrida's deconstruction critiques Western philosophy. 

Dekonstruksi Derrida mengkritik filsafat Barat.

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hedonism
hedonism
[Kata benda]

an ethical doctrine holding that the pursuit of pleasure is the highest good and proper aim of life

hedonisme, hedonisme

hedonisme, hedonisme

Ex: Critics argue that hedonism overlooks duty and self-discipline. 

Para kritikus berpendapat bahwa hedonisme mengabaikan kewajiban dan disiplin diri.

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Cartesian
Cartesian
[Adjektiva]

related to the philosophical concepts of René Descartes, particularly his focus on rationalism and mind-body dualism

Kartesian

Kartesian

Ex: Cartesian rationalism asserts that knowledge comes from innate ideas and reason. 

Rasionalisme Cartesian menyatakan bahwa pengetahuan berasal dari ide bawaan dan akal.

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Kantian
Kantian
[Adjektiva]

relating to the philosophical principles advocated by Immanuel Kant, focusing on rationality and morality

Kantian,  berkaitan dengan Kant

Kantian, berkaitan dengan Kant

Ex: Kantian moral principles are characterized by their universal applicability. 

Prinsip moral Kantian dicirikan oleh penerapannya yang universal.

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socratic
socratic
[Adjektiva]

related to the teaching or method of questioning used by the ancient Greek philosopher Socrates

Sokratik

Sokratik

Ex: The Socratic approach to learning encourages active engagement and reflection rather than passive acceptance of information. 

Pendekatan Sokrates dalam pembelajaran mendorong keterlibatan aktif dan refleksi daripada penerimaan informasi secara pasif.

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transcendental
transcendental
[Adjektiva]

relating to or characteristic of a philosophy that emphasizes intuition and the spiritual over empirical or material experience

transendental, melampaui

transendental, melampaui

Ex: Kant's notion of the "transcendental" concerns the conditions that make knowledge possible. 

Konsep transendental Kant berkaitan dengan kondisi yang memungkinkan pengetahuan.

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tenet
tenet
[Kata benda]

a fundamental belief or principle that is central to a system of thought, philosophy, or religion

prinsip, dogma

prinsip, dogma

Ex: The scientific tenet of empiricism emphasizes the reliance on observable evidence and experimentation in the pursuit of knowledge. 

Prinsip ilmiah empirisme menekankan ketergantungan pada bukti yang dapat diamati dan eksperimen dalam mengejar pengetahuan.

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