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Daftar Kata Level C2 - Philosophy

Di sini Anda akan mempelajari semua kata penting untuk berbicara tentang Filsafat, yang dikumpulkan khusus untuk pelajar tingkat C2.

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Kartu flash

Ejaan

Kuis

CEFR C2 Vocabulary

[Kata benda]

a method of uncovering the truth about something by comparing contradicting ideas and considering different theories

dialektika, metode dialektis

dialektika, metode dialektis

Ex: The dialectic process involves thesis , antithesis , and synthesis , where conflicting ideas are confronted and reconciled to arrive at a higher truth .Proses **dialektika** melibatkan tesis, antitesis, dan sintesis, di mana ide-ide yang bertentangan dihadapi dan didamaikan untuk mencapai kebenaran yang lebih tinggi.

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[Kata benda]

a person's overall philosophical perspective or worldview

pandangan dunia, cara pandang dunia

pandangan dunia, cara pandang dunia

Ex: Enlightenment brought shifts in weltanschauung.Pencerahan membawa pergeseran dalam **weltanschauung**.

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[Kata benda]

a system of thought that considers life as meaningless and rejects religious beliefs, moral principles, legal rules, etc.

nihilisme, penolakan

nihilisme, penolakan

Ex: While nihilism is often associated with despair and pessimism , some philosophers view it as a liberating philosophy that frees individuals from the constraints of conventional morality and ideology .Meskipun **nihilisme** sering dikaitkan dengan keputusasaan dan pesimisme, beberapa filsuf memandangnya sebagai filosofi yang membebaskan yang membebaskan individu dari belenggu moralitas dan ideologi konvensional.

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[Kata benda]

the doctrine that the best measure or decision is the one that satisfies the majority of people

utilitarianisme, doktrin utilitas

utilitarianisme, doktrin utilitas

Ex: Utilitarianism is often applied in fields such as public policy , economics , and ethics , where decisions are made with the aim of maximizing social welfare or utility .**Utilitarianisme** sering diterapkan dalam bidang-bidang seperti kebijakan publik, ekonomi, dan etika, di mana keputusan dibuat dengan tujuan memaksimalkan kesejahteraan sosial atau utilitas.

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[Kata benda]

an ancient Greek philosophy that values virtue and encourages living in harmony with nature's divine Reason

stoikisme, filsafat stoik

stoikisme, filsafat stoik

Ex: By learning to distinguish between what is and is n't within our control , stoicism provides tools for inner peace .Dengan belajar membedakan apa yang ada dan tidak ada dalam kendali kita, **stoikisme** menyediakan alat untuk ketenangan batin.

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[Kata benda]

a philosophical concept or belief system that asserts the self as the only reality and that only the individual's mind is sure to exist

solipsisme, egosentrisme filosofis

solipsisme, egosentrisme filosofis

Ex: Solipsism can lead to a sense of isolation , as the individual 's reality becomes confined to their own consciousness .**Solipsisme** dapat menyebabkan perasaan terisolasi, karena realitas individu terbatas pada kesadaran mereka sendiri.

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[Kata benda]

the branch of philosophy that is concerned with concepts such as existence, being, and reality

ontologi

ontologi

Ex: In contemporary philosophy , ontology intersects with other disciplines such as logic , metaphysics , and epistemology , shaping our understanding of the fundamental structure of reality .Dalam filsafat kontemporer, **ontologi** beririsan dengan disiplin ilmu lain seperti logika, metafisika, dan epistemologi, membentuk pemahaman kita tentang struktur dasar realitas.

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[Kata benda]

a philosophical theory asserting that all of reality is fundamentally unified and derived from a single substance or principle

monisme, teori monistik

monisme, teori monistik

Ex: The unity of mind and body in Spinoza 's philosophy exemplifies a form of monism.Kesatuan pikiran dan tubuh dalam filosofi Spinoza merupakan contoh dari bentuk **monisme**.

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[Kata benda]

a philosophy that emphasizes individual rights, reason, and laissez-faire capitalism

objektivisme, filsafat objektivisme

objektivisme, filsafat objektivisme

Ex: Ayn Rand 's novels , such as " The Fountainhead " and " Atlas Shrugged , " dramatize the principles of objectivism, illustrating her vision of heroic individualism and the creative power of the human mind .Novel-novel Ayn Rand, seperti "The Fountainhead" dan "Atlas Shrugged," mendramatisasikan prinsip-prinsip **objektivisme**, menggambarkan visinya tentang individualisme heroik dan kekuatan kreatif pikiran manusia.

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[Kata benda]

a notion in philosophy according to which knowledge, moral values, and ethical obligations are subjective and there is no external or objective truth

subjektivisme, doktrin subjektivisme

subjektivisme, doktrin subjektivisme

Ex: The debate between objectivism and subjectivism in philosophy revolves around whether moral and epistemological claims can be grounded in objective reality or are inherently subjective .Perdebatan antara objektivisme dan **subjektivisme** dalam filsafat berkisar pada apakah klaim moral dan epistemologis dapat didasarkan pada realitas objektif atau secara inheren subjektif.

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[Kata benda]

the belief that life is inherently meaningless, yet individuals can create their own meaning

absurdisme, kekonyolan

absurdisme, kekonyolan

Ex: The works of existentialist writers , such as Camus ' " The Stranger " and Samuel Beckett 's " Waiting for Godot , " often delve into themes of absurdism, highlighting the human struggle to find meaning in a meaningless world .Karya-karya penulis eksistensialis, seperti "Orang Asing" Camus dan "Menunggu Godot" Samuel Beckett, sering menyelami tema **absurdisme**, menyoroti perjuangan manusia untuk menemukan makna dalam dunia yang tak bermakna.

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[Kata benda]

the study of purpose, design, and final causes in the natural world, exploring the idea that things have inherent goals or intentions

teleologi, studi tentang tujuan

teleologi, studi tentang tujuan

Ex: The field of artificial intelligence ethics grapples with questions related to teleology, ethical goals , and the potential unintended consequences of AI systems .Bidang etika kecerdasan buatan bergulat dengan pertanyaan terkait **teleologi**, tujuan etis, dan konsekuensi yang tidak diinginkan dari sistem AI.

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[Kata benda]

the philosophy illustrating the core acknowledgment of one's existence through the act of thinking

cogito, filsafat yang menggambarkan pengakuan inti akan keberadaan seseorang melalui tindakan berpikir

cogito, filsafat yang menggambarkan pengakuan inti akan keberadaan seseorang melalui tindakan berpikir

Ex: The cogito serves as a pivotal point in Western philosophy , providing a starting ground for Descartes ' subsequent inquiries into knowledge , reality , and the nature of being .**Cogito** berfungsi sebagai titik pivotal dalam filsafat Barat, memberikan landasan awal untuk penyelidikan Descartes selanjutnya tentang pengetahuan, realitas, dan hakikat keberadaan.

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[Kata benda]

a fundamental, indivisible entity or substance, often associated with Leibnizian philosophy, possessing inherent characteristics and reflecting the entire universe from its unique perspective

monad, entitas yang tidak terbagi

monad, entitas yang tidak terbagi

Ex: Monadology , Leibniz 's philosophical treatise , explores the nature of monads and their role in the harmonious pre-established order of the universe .**Monadologi**, risalah filosofis Leibniz, mengeksplorasi sifat **monad** dan perannya dalam tatanan harmoni yang telah ditetapkan sebelumnya di alam semesta.

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[Kata benda]

a philosophical movement that emerged in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, emphasizing the practical consequences and real-world effectiveness of beliefs, theories, and actions

pragmatisme, filsafat pragmatis

pragmatisme, filsafat pragmatis

Ex: The debates among philosophers regarding the merits of idealism versus pragmatism have deep roots in the history of philosophical thought .Debat di antara para filsuf mengenai keunggulan idealisme versus **pragmatisme** memiliki akar yang dalam dalam sejarah pemikiran filosofis.

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[Kata benda]

a philosophical term referring to the intrinsic nature of a thing, independent of human perception, in contrast to phenomena which are how things appear to human observers

noumenon, benda dalam dirinya sendiri

noumenon, benda dalam dirinya sendiri

Ex: Kant 's concept of noumenon has influenced debates in philosophy of mind , addressing questions about the nature of consciousness and subjective experience .Konsep **noumenon** Kant telah mempengaruhi perdebatan dalam filsafat pikiran, membahas pertanyaan tentang sifat kesadaran dan pengalaman subjektif.

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[Kata benda]

the state of surpassing ordinary experience to reach higher understanding or existence

transendensi, melampaui

transendensi, melampaui

Ex: Transcendence leads to unity with the cosmos beyond self-limitations .**Transendensi** mengarah pada kesatuan dengan kosmos melampaui batasan diri.

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[Kata benda]

a theory stating that all knowledge is derived from experience

empirisme, eksperimentalisme

empirisme, eksperimentalisme

Ex: Critics of empiricism argue that it may overlook the importance of a priori knowledge and the inherent structures of the mind that influence how we perceive and interpret experiences .Para kritikus **empirisme** berpendapat bahwa hal itu mungkin mengabaikan pentingnya pengetahuan a priori dan struktur bawaan pikiran yang memengaruhi cara kita mempersepsikan dan menafsirkan pengalaman.

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[Kata benda]

a Chinese philosophy focusing on living in harmony with the Tao, the fundamental principle of the universe

Taoisme, Daoisme

Taoisme, Daoisme

Ex: Taoism encourages finding contentment in simplicity .**Taoisme** mendorong menemukan kepuasan dalam kesederhanaan.

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[Kata benda]

a philosophy advocating minimal government intervention and prioritizing individual freedom

libertarianisme, liberalisme libertarian

libertarianisme, liberalisme libertarian

Ex: Libertarianism advocates reducing government involvement in areas like healthcare and education .**Libertarianisme** menganjurkan pengurangan keterlibatan pemerintah dalam bidang seperti kesehatan dan pendidikan.

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[Kata benda]

the belief that reality consists of two fundamental and opposing components, such as mind and body or good and evil

dualisme, doktrin dualisme

dualisme, doktrin dualisme

Ex: Gender dualism explores the binary classification of gender roles and identities into male and female categories .**Dualisme** gender mengeksplorasi klasifikasi biner peran dan identitas gender ke dalam kategori laki-laki dan perempuan.

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[Kata benda]

the belief that events and outcomes are predetermined and inevitable, with little or no control by individuals

fatalisme, kepercayaan pada takdir

fatalisme, kepercayaan pada takdir

Ex: The fatalistic viewpoint often arises in discussions about destiny, chance, and the nature of existence.Pandangan **fatalisme** sering muncul dalam diskusi tentang takdir, kesempatan, dan sifat keberadaan.

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[Kata benda]

a philosophy method that reveals and challenges underlying assumptions in texts and concepts

dekonstruksi, metode dekonstruksi

dekonstruksi, metode dekonstruksi

Ex: Deconstruction destabilizes established assumptions .**Dekonstruksi** menggoyahkan asumsi-asumsi yang mapan.

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[Kata benda]

a system of belief that the highest of good is when one is in the pursuit of pleasure

hedonisme

hedonisme

Ex: Critics of hedonism argue that an excessive focus on pleasure can lead to selfishness and a neglect of responsibilities and long-term goals .Para kritikus **hedonisme** berpendapat bahwa fokus yang berlebihan pada kesenangan dapat menyebabkan keegoisan dan pengabaian tanggung jawab serta tujuan jangka panjang.

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[Adjektiva]

related to the philosophical concepts of René Descartes, particularly his focus on rationalism and mind-body dualism

Kartesian

Kartesian

Ex: A cartesian skeptic , employing methodical doubt , challenges the certainty of knowledge .Seorang skeptis **Cartesian**, menggunakan keraguan metodis, menantang kepastian pengetahuan.

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[Adjektiva]

relating to the philosophical principles advocated by Immanuel Kant, focusing on rationality and morality

Kantian, berkaitan dengan Kant

Kantian, berkaitan dengan Kant

Ex: Guided by Kantian ethics , moral reasoning is steered by the principle of consistency .Dipandu oleh etika **Kantian**, penalaran moral diarahkan oleh prinsip konsistensi.

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[Adjektiva]

related to the teaching or method of questioning used by the ancient Greek philosopher Socrates

Sokratik

Sokratik

Ex: The principles of the Socratic method are still widely used in education and philosophy today.Prinsip-prinsip metode **Sokrates** masih banyak digunakan dalam pendidikan dan filsafat saat ini.

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[Adjektiva]

relating to a system of thought emphasizing intuition and spirituality over empirical evidence, seeking to understand reality beyond the physical world

transendental, metafisik

transendental, metafisik

Ex: Transcendental philosophy challenges the materialistic assumptions of mainstream science, advocating for a deeper understanding of existence.Filsafat **transendental** menantang asumsi materialistik sains arus utama, mengadvokasi pemahaman yang lebih dalam tentang keberadaan.

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[Kata benda]

a fundamental belief or principle that is central to a system of thought, philosophy, or religion

prinsip, dogma

prinsip, dogma

Ex: The tenet of freedom of speech is a cornerstone of democratic societies , promoting open discourse and expression .**Prinsip** kebebasan berbicara adalah landasan masyarakat demokratis, mendorong wacana dan ekspresi terbuka.

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Daftar Kata Level C2

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