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Математика и Оценка ACT - Economics

Здесь вы выучите некоторые английские слова, связанные с экономикой, такие как "казначейство", "товар", "депозит" и т.д., которые помогут вам сдать ACT.

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ACT Vocabulary for Math and Assessment
to compensate
to compensate
[глагол]

to give something, particularly money, to make up for the difficulty, pain, damage, etc. that someone has suffered

компенсировать

компенсировать

Ex: Insurance companies often compensate policyholders for property damage or loss. 
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to reimburse
to reimburse
[глагол]

to repay someone for expenses or losses they have experienced

возмещать, компенсировать

возмещать, компенсировать

Ex: If you provide the receipts, we'll be happy to reimburse you for the business-related expenses. 
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to accrue
to accrue
[глагол]

(particularly related to money) to gradually increase in amount or number

накапливаться

накапливаться

Ex: Interest accrues on the savings account, allowing the balance to grow steadily over the years. 
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to donate
to donate
[глагол]

to freely give goods, money, or food to someone or an organization

жертвовать

жертвовать

Ex: Individuals often donate clothing to local shelters during the winter months. 
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to fundraise
to fundraise
[глагол]

to seek financial contributions or donations for a particular cause, organization, or event

собирать средства, привлекать финансирование

собирать средства, привлекать финансирование

Ex: They fundraised tirelessly to support cancer research. 
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to acquire
to acquire
[глагол]

to buy or begin to have something

приобретать

приобретать

Ex: Sophie was thrilled to acquire a rare and valuable stamp for her collection. 
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to borrow
to borrow
[глагол]

to use or take something belonging to someone else, with the idea of returning it

одолжить, взять взаймы

одолжить, взять взаймы

Ex: Can I borrow your umbrella? It's raining outside, and I left mine at home. 
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to deposit
to deposit
[глагол]

to put an amount of money or other item of value into a bank account

помещать

помещать

Ex: She deposited her paycheck into her savings account to start building her nest egg. 
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to garner
to garner
[глагол]

to obtain or earn something desired or needed, typically through effort or skill

зарабатывать, получать

зарабатывать, получать

Ex: She garnered support from the community for her environmental initiative. 
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tariff
tariff
[существительное]

a tax paid on goods imported or exported

тариф

тариф

Ex: The government imposed a tariff on imported steel to protect domestic producers. 
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levy
levy
[существительное]

a charge or fee set, especially by authority or law

сбор, налог

сбор, налог

Ex: The government imposed a levy on imported goods to protect local industries. 
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dividend
dividend
[существительное]

an amount of money paid regularly to the shareholders of a company

дивиденд

дивиденд

Ex: The company announced a quarterly dividend of $1 per share. 
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revenue
revenue
[существительное]

the total income generated from business activities or other sources

выручка

выручка

Ex: The company's annual revenue exceeded expectations. 
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asset bubble
asset bubble
[существительное]

a situation in which the prices of assets, such as stocks, real estate, or commodities, become significantly inflated beyond their intrinsic value due to speculative investing or market hype

пузырь активов, спекулятивный пузырь

пузырь активов, спекулятивный пузырь

Ex: During the dot-com boom of the late 1990s, many technology stocks experienced an asset bubble. 
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expense
expense
[существительное]

the amount of money spent to do or have something

расход

расход

Ex: Keeping track of your monthly expenses can help you create a realistic budget. 
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austerity
austerity
[существительное]

strict economic measures implemented by a government to reduce public expenditure and budget deficits

жесткая экономия

жесткая экономия

Ex: The government implemented austerity measures to tackle the mounting national debt. 
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commercialization
commercialization
[существительное]

the process of introducing a new product or service into the market for sale

коммерциализация, вывод на рынок

коммерциализация, вывод на рынок

Ex: The commercialization of electric vehicles has increased significantly in recent years. 
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commodity
commodity
[существительное]

(economics) an unprocessed material that can be traded in different exchanges or marketplaces

товар

товар

Ex: Oil has long been a highly valued commodity on the global market, influencing economies and politics. 
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asset
asset
[существительное]

a valuable resource or quality owned by an individual, organization, or entity, typically with economic value and the potential to provide future benefits

достоинство

достоинство

Ex: Real estate is considered a valuable asset due to its potential for long-term appreciation and rental income. 
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boom-bust cycle
boom-bust cycle
[существительное]

an economic cycle characterized by periods of rapid economic expansion followed by periods of contraction or recession

цикл подъёма-спада, цикл бума-краха

цикл подъёма-спада, цикл бума-краха

Ex: The housing market experienced a classic boom-bust cycle, with prices soaring rapidly before crashing suddenly. 
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economy of scale
economy of scale
[существительное]

the cost advantages that enterprises obtain due to size, output, or scale of operation

экономия на масштабе, эффект масштаба

экономия на масштабе, эффект масштаба

Ex: Large manufacturers benefit from economy of scale by producing goods at lower costs per unit. 
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stock market
stock market
[существительное]

the business of trading and exchanging shares of different companies

фондовый рынок

фондовый рынок

Ex: The stock market experienced a significant drop today, causing investors to worry about their portfolios. 
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fiduciary
fiduciary
[существительное]

a person or organization that holds a position of trust, responsibility, and confidence to manage assets or property on behalf of others

доверительный управляющий, попечитель

доверительный управляющий, попечитель

Ex: As a fiduciary, the trustee must act in the best interests of the beneficiaries. 
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depreciation
depreciation
[существительное]

a decline in something's price or value

обесценивание

обесценивание

Ex: The depreciation of the currency has led to an increase in the cost of imported goods. 
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salvage value
salvage value
[существительное]

the estimated residual value of an asset at the end of its useful life

ликвидационная стоимость, остаточная стоимость

ликвидационная стоимость, остаточная стоимость

Ex: The salvage value of the old machinery was estimated to be $5,000 after ten years of use. 
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auction
auction
[существительное]

a public sale in which goods or properties are sold to the person who bids higher

аукцион

аукцион

Ex: The painting was sold at an auction for a record-breaking price. 
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transaction
transaction
[существительное]

the general process of purchasing or selling something

транзакция

транзакция

Ex: The transaction of his public duties requires careful planning and execution. 
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subsidy
subsidy
[существительное]

an amount of money that a government or organization pays to lower the costs of producing goods or providing services so that prices do not increase

субсидия

субсидия

Ex: The government provides subsidies to farmers to support agricultural production and maintain food security. 
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monopoly
monopoly
[существительное]

a situation in which one organization or entity exclusively controls the production, distribution, or trade of a product or service, making other rivals unable to compete

монополия

монополия

Ex: Many indie bookstores face challenges in a landscape dominated by the monopoly of major online retailers. 
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handout
handout
[существительное]

money, food, or other resources distributed freely to those in need, typically by an organization or government

помощь, субсидия

помощь, субсидия

Ex: The government provides financial handouts to support low-income families during economic downturns. 
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tuition
tuition
[существительное]

an amount of money that one pays to receive an education, particularly in a university or college

оплата обучения

оплата обучения

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recession
recession
[существительное]

a hard time in a country's economy characterized by a reduction in employment, production, and trade

спад

спад

Ex: During the recession, many businesses were forced to close, leading to widespread job losses. 
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bankruptcy
bankruptcy
[существительное]

a situation in which a person or business is unable to pay due debts

банкротство

банкротство

Ex: The company declared bankruptcy after years of financial losses. 
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blockbuster
blockbuster
[существительное]

a thing that achieves great widespread popularity or financial success, particularly a movie, book, or other product

блокбастер

блокбастер

Ex: The new superhero movie became a blockbuster, earning over $1 billion at the box office. 
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stake
stake
[существительное]

an amount of money invested in a business

доля

доля

Ex: She purchased a significant stake in the startup company to support its growth. 
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consumer
consumer
[существительное]

someone who buys and uses services or goods

потребитель

потребитель

Ex: As a consumer, she prefers products that are eco-friendly and sustainable. 
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investor
investor
[существительное]

a person or organization that provides money or resources to a business or project with the expectation of making a profit

вкладчик капитала

вкладчик капитала

Ex: The investor provided capital to help the startup launch. 
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overhead
overhead
[существительное]

the regular costs required for maintaining a business or an organization

накладные расходы

накладные расходы

Ex: Rent, utilities, and insurance are all part of the company's overhead. 
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outlay
outlay
[существительное]

the sum of money spent

расход, вложение

расход, вложение

Ex: The total outlay for the renovations was $50,000. 
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opulence
opulence
[существительное]

wealth or affluence, especially when displayed in a showy manner

богатство

богатство

Ex: Tourists often visit the city to witness the opulence of its historic mansions and estates. 
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treasury
treasury
[существительное]

the funds and resources that a country or organization controls

государственное казначейство

государственное казначейство

Ex: The government announced a new budget for the national treasury. 
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bounty
bounty
[существительное]

a reward or payment given as motivation for completing a task or reaching an objective

награда, вознаграждение

награда, вознаграждение

Ex: The company offered a generous bounty for employees who referred qualified candidates. 
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ledger
ledger
[существительное]

a book or digital record that contains financial transactions and balances, organized by accounts

главная книга, бухгалтерская книга

главная книга, бухгалтерская книга

Ex: The accountant updated the ledger with the latest transactions. 
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pecuniary
pecuniary
[прилагательное]

involving or about money

денежный

денежный

Ex: The contract outlined the pecuniary benefits offered to the employees. 
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fiscal
fiscal
[прилагательное]

relating to government revenue or public money, especially taxes

фискальный

фискальный

Ex: The government faces challenges in balancing fiscal priorities while addressing social needs. 
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monetary
monetary
[прилагательное]

relating to money or currency

денежный

денежный

Ex: The central bank sets monetary policy to regulate the supply of money in the economy. 
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lucrative
lucrative
[прилагательное]

capable of producing a lot of profit or earning a great amount of money for someone

прибыльный, выгодный

прибыльный, выгодный

Ex: The real estate market in the city is highly lucrative for investors. 
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marketable
marketable
[прилагательное]

desirable or sought after, especially by employers or in the marketplace

продаваемый, востребованный

продаваемый, востребованный

Ex: His computer programming skills make him highly marketable in the tech industry. 
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intensive
intensive
[прилагательное]

(in business) concentrating on or using something a lot, such as a piece of equipment, etc.

интенсивный

интенсивный

Ex: The company adopted a labor-intensive production method to reduce costs. 
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profitable
profitable
[прилагательное]

(of a business) providing benefits or valuable returns

прибыльный

прибыльный

Ex: The new marketing strategy proved highly profitable, increasing the company's revenue by 20% in just six months. 
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nonprofit
nonprofit
[прилагательное]

(of an organization, activity, etc.) operating without the goal of generating any financial benefits

некоммерческий, бесприбыльный

некоммерческий, бесприбыльный

Ex: ertaining to an organization or activity that does not operate for the purpose of making a profit. 
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capitalistic
capitalistic
[прилагательное]

characterized by an economic system where private ownership of businesses and resources drives production and distribution with a focus on profit

капиталистический, капиталистский

капиталистический, капиталистский

Ex: The country's economy is largely capitalistic, with a strong emphasis on free markets. 
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high-end
high-end
[прилагательное]

having a much higher quality and price than the rest of their kind

высококлассный

высококлассный

Ex: She treated herself to a high-end handbag as a reward for reaching her career goals. 
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parsimonious
parsimonious
[прилагательное]

spending money very reluctantly

скупой

скупой

Ex: Critics argued the government had grown too parsimonious in funding for education and social programs. 
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extravagant
extravagant
[прилагательное]

costing a lot of money, more than the necessary or affordable amount

экстравагантный

экстравагантный

Ex: She threw an extravagant birthday party with live music and gourmet catering. 
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affluent
affluent
[прилагательное]

possessing a great amount of riches and material goods

богатый

богатый

Ex: The affluent neighborhood was characterized by its luxurious homes and upscale amenities. 
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upscale
upscale
[прилагательное]

high quality, luxurious, or intended for a wealthier clientele

элитный, роскошный

элитный, роскошный

Ex: The upscale restaurant offered a menu featuring gourmet dishes prepared with the finest ingredients. 
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lavish
lavish
[прилагательное]

generous in giving or expressing

щедрый

щедрый

Ex: The team received lavish praise for their outstanding performance. 
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real estate
real estate
[существительное]

a piece of land, building, or other similar property as opposed to personal possessions

недвижимое имущество

недвижимое имущество

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