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ACT 数学与评估 - Economics

在这里你将学习一些与经济学相关的英语单词,例如“treasury”、“commodity”、“deposit”等,这将有助于你在ACT考试中取得好成绩。

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ACT Vocabulary for Math and Assessment

to give something, particularly money, to make up for the difficulty, pain, damage, etc. that someone has suffered

赔偿, 补偿

赔偿, 补偿

Ex: The government established a fund compensate victims of a natural disaster .
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to reimburse
[动词]

to repay someone for expenses or losses they have experienced

报销, 赔偿

报销, 赔偿

Ex: The university agreed reimburse students for the unexpected textbook expenses .
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to accrue
[动词]

(particularly related to money) to gradually increase in amount or number

积累, 增加

积累, 增加

Ex: The rewards points accruing on your credit card with every purchase you make .
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to donate
[动词]

to freely give goods, money, or food to someone or an organization

捐赠, 捐献

捐赠, 捐献

Ex: The community raised funds donate to a family in need during challenging times .
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to fundraise
[动词]

to seek financial contributions or donations for a particular cause, organization, or event

筹款, 募款

筹款, 募款

Ex: The fundraised for new playground equipment for the children .
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to acquire
[动词]

to buy or begin to have something

获得, 获取

获得, 获取

Ex: acquired a rare painting for her collection at the auction .
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to borrow
[动词]

to use or take something belonging to someone else, with the idea of returning it

借, 借用

借, 借用

Ex: Instead of buying a lawnmower , he chose borrow one from his neighbor for the weekend .
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to deposit
[动词]

to put an amount of money or other item of value into a bank account

存款, 充值

存款, 充值

Ex: The deposited the scholarship award in her college tuition account to cover expenses .
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to garner
[动词]

to obtain or earn something desired or needed, typically through effort or skill

获得, 积累

获得, 积累

Ex: The author 's latest garnered critical acclaim and several awards .
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tariff
[名词]

a tax paid on goods imported or exported

关税, 税率

关税, 税率

Ex: Businesses are concerned about tariff increases that could impact their supply chain costs .
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levy
[名词]

a charge or fee set, especially by authority or law

征收, 税款

征收, 税款

Ex: A new levy on vehicle registrations will fund road maintenance projects.
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dividend
[名词]

an amount of money paid regularly to the shareholders of a company

股息, 红利

股息, 红利

Ex: The board decided to increase dividend this year .
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revenue
[名词]

the total income generated from business activities or other sources.

收入, 营业收入

收入, 营业收入

Ex: The restaurantrevenue increased during the holiday season .
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asset bubble
[名词]

a situation in which the prices of assets, such as stocks, real estate, or commodities, become significantly inflated beyond their intrinsic value due to speculative investing or market hype

资产泡沫, 资产泡影

资产泡沫, 资产泡影

Ex: Economic analysts warn that the current surge in commodity prices could be indicative of asset bubble forming in global markets .
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expense
[名词]

the amount of money spent to do or have something

开支, 费用

开支, 费用

Ex: Many people use budgeting apps to categorize expenses and identify areas where they can cut back to save money .
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austerity
[名词]

strict economic measures implemented by a government to reduce public expenditure and budget deficits

紧缩政策,  austerity 政策

紧缩政策, austerity 政策

Ex: austerity program included significant reductions in healthcare and education funding .
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the process of introducing a new product or service into the market for sale

商业化, 商品化

商业化, 商品化

Ex: The government is supporting startups in commercialization of innovative agricultural products .
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commodity
[名词]

(economics) an unprocessed material that can be traded in different exchanges or marketplaces

商品, 物资

商品, 物资

Ex: Investors often commodities in their portfolios as a hedge against inflation and market volatility .
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asset
[名词]

a valuable resource or quality owned by an individual, organization, or entity, typically with economic value and the potential to provide future benefits

资产, 财产

资产, 财产

Ex: Goodwill , reflecting a company 's reputation and customer loyalty , is considered asset on its balance sheet .
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an economic cycle characterized by periods of rapid economic expansion followed by periods of contraction or recession

繁荣-萧条周期, 经济波动周期

繁荣-萧条周期, 经济波动周期

Ex: During the boom phase of the cycle, companies often expand rapidly, but during the bust, many may face bankruptcy.
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the cost advantages that enterprises obtain due to size, output, or scale of operation

规模经济, 经济规模

规模经济, 经济规模

Ex: The restaurant chain economy of scale to negotiate better prices with suppliers .
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stock market
[名词]

the business of trading and exchanging shares of different companies

股票市场, 证券市场

股票市场, 证券市场

Ex: The global pandemic had a profound impact on stock market, leading to volatile fluctuations .
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fiduciary
[名词]

a person or organization that holds a position of trust, responsibility, and confidence to manage assets or property on behalf of others

受托人, 信托人

受托人, 信托人

Ex: Trustees must exercise their fiduciary duties with diligence and transparency.
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depreciation
[名词]

a decline in something's price or value

贬值, 折旧

贬值, 折旧

Ex: Economic uncertainty has resulted in depreciation of stock prices across various sectors .
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the estimated residual value of an asset at the end of its useful life

残值, 救助价值

残值, 救助价值

Ex: The company sold its outdated computers for salvage value, recovering a portion of the initial investment .
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auction
[名词]

a public sale in which goods or properties are sold to the person who bids higher

拍卖, 竞拍

拍卖, 竞拍

Ex: The auction house specializes in selling fine art and jewelry.
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transaction
[名词]

the general process of purchasing or selling something

交易, 买卖

交易, 买卖

Ex: Automating transaction of routine tasks can significantly improve efficiency .
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subsidy
[名词]

an amount of money that a government or organization pays to lower the costs of producing goods or providing services so that prices do not increase

补贴, 津贴

补贴, 津贴

Ex: The arts organization relies on subsidies to fund its cultural programs and events .
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monopoly
[名词]

a situation in which one organization or entity exclusively controls the production, distribution, or trade of a product or service, making other rivals unable to compete

垄断, 独占

垄断, 独占

Ex: The pharmaceutical firm held monopoly on the production of the lifesaving drug , leading to high prices for consumers .
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handout
[名词]

money, food, or other resources distributed freely to those in need, typically by an organization or government

资助, 救助

资助, 救助

Ex: Volunteers handouts of warm blankets to refugees at the shelter .
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tuition
[名词]

an amount of money that one pays to receive an education, particularly in a university or college

学费,  tuition费

学费, tuition费

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recession
[名词]

a hard time in a country's economy characterized by a reduction in employment, production, and trade

经济衰退, 经济萧条

经济衰退, 经济萧条

Ex: Economists predicted that recession would last for several quarters before signs of recovery would emerge .
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bankruptcy
[名词]

a situation in which a person or business is unable to pay due debts

破产,  insolvency

破产, insolvency

Ex: The risk bankruptcy increased as the market conditions worsened .
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blockbuster
[名词]

a thing that achieves great widespread popularity or financial success, particularly a movie, book, or other product

巨作, 畅销书

巨作, 畅销书

Ex: Streaming platforms compete to secure the rights to blockbuster films and series for their subscribers.
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stake
[名词]

an amount of money invested in a business

股份, 投资份额

股份, 投资份额

Ex: The family-owned business decided to sell a stake to raise funds for expansion .
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consumer
[名词]

someone who buys and uses services or goods

消费者, 顾客

消费者, 顾客

Ex: Online reviews play a significant role in consumers make informed choices .
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investor
[名词]

a person or organization that provides money or resources to a business or project with the expectation of making a profit

投资者, 投资人

投资者, 投资人

Ex: Investors are often attracted to businesses with high growth potential .
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overhead
[名词]

the regular costs required for maintaining a business or an organization

管理费用, 间接费用

管理费用, 间接费用

Ex: Overhead can vary widely depending on the size and location of the organization.
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outlay
[名词]

an amount of budget dedicated to something

支出, 预算投入

支出, 预算投入

Ex: The familyoutlay for healthcare expenses has risen sharply in recent years , prompting them to explore more affordable insurance options .
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opulence
[名词]

wealth or affluence, especially when displayed in a showy manner

奢华, 富丽

奢华, 富丽

Ex: The movie aimed to depict opulence of the 1920s , showcasing luxurious fashion and grand events .
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treasury
[名词]

the funds and resources that a country or organization controls

国库, 财政处

国库, 财政处

Ex: treasury is responsible for managing the country 's financial assets .
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bounty
[名词]

a reward or payment given as motivation for completing a task or reaching an objective

奖金, 赏金

奖金, 赏金

Ex: The government announced bounty for farmers who adopted sustainable agricultural practices .
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ledger
[名词]

a book or digital record that contains financial transactions and balances, organized by accounts

账本, 分类帐

账本, 分类帐

Ex: He consulted ledger to verify the payment history of the client .
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pecuniary
[形容词]

involving or about money

金钱的, 财政的

金钱的, 财政的

Ex: pecuniary rewards for the successful completion of the project were substantial .
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fiscal
[形容词]

relating to government revenue or public money, especially taxes

财政的, 财政相关的

财政的, 财政相关的

Ex: Fiscal responsibility is essential for maintaining the stability of the economy .
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monetary
[形容词]

relating to money or currency

货币的, 金融的

货币的, 金融的

Ex: Monetary donations poured in from generous individuals to support disaster relief efforts .
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lucrative
[形容词]

capable of producing a lot of profit or earning a great amount of money for someone

有利可图的, 盈利丰厚的

有利可图的, 盈利丰厚的

Ex: Writing bestselling novels has proven to be lucrative profession for some authors .
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marketable
[形容词]

desirable or sought after, especially by employers or in the marketplace

有市场的, 受欢迎的

有市场的, 受欢迎的

Ex: Her extensive network and communication skills make her marketable for sales positions .
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intensive
[形容词]

(in business) concentrating on or using something a lot, such as a piece of equipment, etc.

密集的, 集中的

密集的, 集中的

Ex: Energy-intensive manufacturing processes increase production costs.
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profitable
[形容词]

(of a business) providing benefits or valuable returns

Ex: His innovative app quickly became one of the profitable products in the tech industry .
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nonprofit
[形容词]

(of an organization, activity, etc.) operating without the goal of generating any financial benefits

非营利的, 无利润的

非营利的, 无利润的

Ex: Nonprofit organizations often rely on volunteers to fulfill their mission.
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capitalistic
[形容词]

characterized by an economic system where private ownership of businesses and resources drives production and distribution with a focus on profit

资本主义的, 以资本为基础的

资本主义的, 以资本为基础的

Ex: Many countries have elements of both socialism capitalistic practices in their economies .
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high-end
[形容词]

having a much higher quality and price than the rest of their kind

高档的, 高端的

高档的, 高端的

Ex: The luxury car dealership high-end vehicles with top-of-the-line technology and craftsmanship .
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parsimonious
[形容词]

spending money very reluctantly

吝啬的, 节省的

吝啬的, 节省的

Ex: He will become parsimonious if he loses his job and needs to cut expenses .
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extravagant
[形容词]

costing a lot of money, more than the necessary or affordable amount

奢侈的, 奢华的

奢侈的, 奢华的

Ex: The CEOextravagant spending habits raised eyebrows among shareholders and employees alike .
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affluent
[形容词]

possessing a great amount of riches and material goods

富裕的, 富足的

富裕的, 富足的

Ex: affluent couple donated generously to local charities and cultural institutions .
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upscale
[形容词]

high quality, luxurious, or intended for a wealthier clientele

高档的, 豪华的

高档的, 豪华的

Ex: They moved into upscale apartment in the city center .
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lavish
[形容词]

generous in giving or expressing

丰盛的, 慷慨的

丰盛的, 慷慨的

Ex: lavish host made sure every guest felt special and well taken care of .
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real estate
[名词]

a piece of land, building, or other similar property as opposed to personal possessions

房地产, 不动产

房地产, 不动产

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