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Matematika a Hodnocení ACT - Economics

Zde se naučíte některá anglická slova související s ekonomií, jako je "pokladna", "zboží", "vklad" atd., která vám pomohou uspět u vašich ACT.

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ACT Vocabulary for Math and Assessment
to compensate
to compensate
[sloveso]

to give something, particularly money, to make up for the difficulty, pain, damage, etc. that someone has suffered

kompenzovat,  odškodnit

kompenzovat, odškodnit

Ex: Insurance companies often compensate policyholders for property damage or loss. 
to reimburse
to reimburse
[sloveso]

to repay someone for expenses or losses they have experienced

nahradit, proplatit

nahradit, proplatit

Ex: If you provide the receipts, we'll be happy to reimburse you for the business-related expenses. 
to accrue
to accrue
[sloveso]

(particularly related to money) to gradually increase in amount or number

hromadit se, narůstat

hromadit se, narůstat

Ex: Interest accrues on the savings account, allowing the balance to grow steadily over the years. 
to donate
to donate
[sloveso]

to freely give goods, money, or food to someone or an organization

darovat, přispět

darovat, přispět

Ex: Individuals often donate clothing to local shelters during the winter months. 
to fundraise
to fundraise
[sloveso]

to seek financial contributions or donations for a particular cause, organization, or event

shromažďovat prostředky, pořádat fundraising

shromažďovat prostředky, pořádat fundraising

Ex: They fundraised tirelessly to support cancer research. 
to acquire
to acquire
[sloveso]

to buy or begin to have something

získat, koupit

získat, koupit

Ex: Sophie was thrilled to acquire a rare and valuable stamp for her collection. 
to borrow
to borrow
[sloveso]

to use or take something belonging to someone else, with the idea of returning it

půjčit si, vypůjčit si

půjčit si, vypůjčit si

Ex: Can I borrow your umbrella? It's raining outside, and I left mine at home. 
to deposit
to deposit
[sloveso]

to put an amount of money or other item of value into a bank account

vložit, uložit

vložit, uložit

Ex: She deposited her paycheck into her savings account to start building her nest egg. 
to garner
to garner
[sloveso]

to obtain or earn something desired or needed, typically through effort or skill

získat, vydělat

získat, vydělat

Ex: She garnered support from the community for her environmental initiative. 
tariff
tariff
[Podstatné jméno]

a tax paid on goods imported or exported

tarif, clo

tarif, clo

Ex: The government imposed a tariff on imported steel to protect domestic producers. 
levy
levy
[Podstatné jméno]

a charge or fee set, especially by authority or law

poplatek, daň

poplatek, daň

Ex: The government imposed a levy on imported goods to protect local industries. 
dividend
dividend
[Podstatné jméno]

an amount of money paid regularly to the shareholders of a company

dividenda

dividenda

Ex: The company announced a quarterly dividend of $1 per share. 
revenue
revenue
[Podstatné jméno]

the total income generated from business activities or other sources

příjmy, výnosy

příjmy, výnosy

Ex: The company's annual revenue exceeded expectations. 
asset bubble
asset bubble
[Podstatné jméno]

a situation in which the prices of assets, such as stocks, real estate, or commodities, become significantly inflated beyond their intrinsic value due to speculative investing or market hype

majetková bublina, spekulační bublina

majetková bublina, spekulační bublina

Ex: During the dot-com boom of the late 1990s, many technology stocks experienced an asset bubble. 
expense
expense
[Podstatné jméno]

the amount of money spent to do or have something

výdaj,  náklady

výdaj, náklady

Ex: Keeping track of your monthly expenses can help you create a realistic budget. 
austerity
austerity
[Podstatné jméno]

strict economic measures implemented by a government to reduce public expenditure and budget deficits

úsporná opatření

úsporná opatření

Ex: The government implemented austerity measures to tackle the mounting national debt. 
commercialization
commercialization
[Podstatné jméno]

the process of introducing a new product or service into the market for sale

komercializace, uvedení na trh

komercializace, uvedení na trh

Ex: The commercialization of electric vehicles has increased significantly in recent years. 
commodity
commodity
[Podstatné jméno]

(economics) an unprocessed material that can be traded in different exchanges or marketplaces

zboží, surovina

zboží, surovina

Ex: Oil has long been a highly valued commodity on the global market, influencing economies and politics. 
asset
asset
[Podstatné jméno]

a valuable resource or quality owned by an individual, organization, or entity, typically with economic value and the potential to provide future benefits

aktivum, cenný zdroj

aktivum, cenný zdroj

Ex: Real estate is considered a valuable asset due to its potential for long-term appreciation and rental income. 
boom-bust cycle
boom-bust cycle
[Podstatné jméno]

an economic cycle characterized by periods of rapid economic expansion followed by periods of contraction or recession

cyklus rozmachu a úpadku, cyklus expanze a recese

cyklus rozmachu a úpadku, cyklus expanze a recese

Ex: The housing market experienced a classic boom-bust cycle, with prices soaring rapidly before crashing suddenly. 
economy of scale
economy of scale
[Podstatné jméno]

the cost advantages that enterprises obtain due to size, output, or scale of operation

úspory z rozsahu, efekt rozsahu

úspory z rozsahu, efekt rozsahu

Ex: Large manufacturers benefit from economy of scale by producing goods at lower costs per unit. 
stock market
stock market
[Podstatné jméno]

the business of trading and exchanging shares of different companies

akciový trh, burza

akciový trh, burza

Ex: The stock market experienced a significant drop today, causing investors to worry about their portfolios. 
fiduciary
fiduciary
[Podstatné jméno]

a person or organization that holds a position of trust, responsibility, and confidence to manage assets or property on behalf of others

správce, opatrovník

správce, opatrovník

Ex: As a fiduciary, the trustee must act in the best interests of the beneficiaries. 
depreciation
depreciation
[Podstatné jméno]

a decline in something's price or value

odpis, znehodnocení

odpis, znehodnocení

Ex: The depreciation of the currency has led to an increase in the cost of imported goods. 
salvage value
salvage value
[Podstatné jméno]

the estimated residual value of an asset at the end of its useful life

záchranná hodnota, zůstatková hodnota

záchranná hodnota, zůstatková hodnota

Ex: The salvage value of the old machinery was estimated to be $5,000 after ten years of use. 
auction
auction
[Podstatné jméno]

a public sale in which goods or properties are sold to the person who bids higher

aukce, dražba

aukce, dražba

Ex: The painting was sold at an auction for a record-breaking price. 
transaction
transaction
[Podstatné jméno]

the general process of purchasing or selling something

transakce, operace

transakce, operace

Ex: The transaction of his public duties requires careful planning and execution. 
subsidy
subsidy
[Podstatné jméno]

an amount of money that a government or organization pays to lower the costs of producing goods or providing services so that prices do not increase

dotace, finanční podpora

dotace, finanční podpora

Ex: The government provides subsidies to farmers to support agricultural production and maintain food security. 
monopoly
monopoly
[Podstatné jméno]

a situation in which one organization or entity exclusively controls the production, distribution, or trade of a product or service, making other rivals unable to compete

monopol, podnikový monopol

monopol, podnikový monopol

Ex: Many indie bookstores face challenges in a landscape dominated by the monopoly of major online retailers. 
handout
handout
[Podstatné jméno]

money, food, or other resources distributed freely to those in need, typically by an organization or government

pomoc, dotace

pomoc, dotace

Ex: The government provides financial handouts to support low-income families during economic downturns. 
tuition
tuition
[Podstatné jméno]

an amount of money that one pays to receive an education, particularly in a university or college

školné, výuka poplatek

školné, výuka poplatek

recession
recession
[Podstatné jméno]

a hard time in a country's economy characterized by a reduction in employment, production, and trade

recese

recese

Ex: During the recession, many businesses were forced to close, leading to widespread job losses. 
bankruptcy
bankruptcy
[Podstatné jméno]

a situation in which a person or business is unable to pay due debts

bankrot, úpadek

bankrot, úpadek

Ex: The company declared bankruptcy after years of financial losses. 
blockbuster
blockbuster
[Podstatné jméno]

a thing that achieves great widespread popularity or financial success, particularly a movie, book, or other product

kasovní trhák, blockbuster

kasovní trhák, blockbuster

Ex: The new superhero movie became a blockbuster, earning over $1 billion at the box office. 
stake
stake
[Podstatné jméno]

an amount of money invested in a business

podíl, účast

podíl, účast

Ex: She purchased a significant stake in the startup company to support its growth. 
consumer
consumer
[Podstatné jméno]

someone who buys and uses services or goods

spotřebitel, zákazník

spotřebitel, zákazník

Ex: As a consumer, she prefers products that are eco-friendly and sustainable. 
investor
investor
[Podstatné jméno]

a person or organization that provides money or resources to a business or project with the expectation of making a profit

investor, finančník

investor, finančník

Ex: The investor provided capital to help the startup launch. 
overhead
overhead
[Podstatné jméno]

the regular costs required for maintaining a business or an organization

režijní náklady

režijní náklady

Ex: Rent, utilities, and insurance are all part of the company's overhead. 
outlay
outlay
[Podstatné jméno]

the sum of money spent

výdaj, investice

výdaj, investice

Ex: The total outlay for the renovations was $50,000. 
opulence
opulence
[Podstatné jméno]

wealth or affluence, especially when displayed in a showy manner

bohatství, přepych

bohatství, přepych

Ex: Tourists often visit the city to witness the opulence of its historic mansions and estates. 
treasury
treasury
[Podstatné jméno]

the funds and resources that a country or organization controls

pokladna, státní pokladna

pokladna, státní pokladna

Ex: The government announced a new budget for the national treasury. 
bounty
bounty
[Podstatné jméno]

a reward or payment given as motivation for completing a task or reaching an objective

odměna, prémie

odměna, prémie

Ex: The company offered a generous bounty for employees who referred qualified candidates. 
ledger
ledger
[Podstatné jméno]

a book or digital record that contains financial transactions and balances, organized by accounts

hlavní kniha, účetní kniha

hlavní kniha, účetní kniha

Ex: The accountant updated the ledger with the latest transactions. 
pecuniary
pecuniary
[Přídavné jméno]

involving or about money

peněžní, finanční

peněžní, finanční

Ex: The contract outlined the pecuniary benefits offered to the employees. 
fiscal
fiscal
[Přídavné jméno]

relating to government revenue or public money, especially taxes

fiskální, rozpočtový

fiskální, rozpočtový

Ex: The government faces challenges in balancing fiscal priorities while addressing social needs. 
monetary
monetary
[Přídavné jméno]

relating to money or currency

měnový, peněžní

měnový, peněžní

Ex: The central bank sets monetary policy to regulate the supply of money in the economy. 
lucrative
lucrative
[Přídavné jméno]

capable of producing a lot of profit or earning a great amount of money for someone

výnosný, ziskový

výnosný, ziskový

Ex: The real estate market in the city is highly lucrative for investors. 
marketable
marketable
[Přídavné jméno]

desirable or sought after, especially by employers or in the marketplace

prodejný, vyhledávaný

prodejný, vyhledávaný

Ex: His computer programming skills make him highly marketable in the tech industry. 
intensive
intensive
[Přídavné jméno]

(in business) concentrating on or using something a lot, such as a piece of equipment, etc.

intenzivní, vysokointenzivní

intenzivní, vysokointenzivní

Ex: The company adopted a labor-intensive production method to reduce costs. 
profitable
profitable
[Přídavné jméno]

(of a business) providing benefits or valuable returns

ziskový, výnosný

ziskový, výnosný

Ex: The new marketing strategy proved highly profitable, increasing the company's revenue by 20% in just six months. 
nonprofit
nonprofit
[Přídavné jméno]

(of an organization, activity, etc.) operating without the goal of generating any financial benefits

neziskový, non-profit

neziskový, non-profit

Ex: ertaining to an organization or activity that does not operate for the purpose of making a profit. 
capitalistic
capitalistic
[Přídavné jméno]

characterized by an economic system where private ownership of businesses and resources drives production and distribution with a focus on profit

kapitalistický, kapitalistický

kapitalistický, kapitalistický

Ex: The country's economy is largely capitalistic, with a strong emphasis on free markets. 
high-end
high-end
[Přídavné jméno]

having a much higher quality and price than the rest of their kind

vysoce kvalitní, exkluzivní

vysoce kvalitní, exkluzivní

Ex: She treated herself to a high-end handbag as a reward for reaching her career goals. 
parsimonious
parsimonious
[Přídavné jméno]

spending money very reluctantly

skoupý, šetrný

skoupý, šetrný

Ex: Critics argued the government had grown too parsimonious in funding for education and social programs. 
extravagant
extravagant
[Přídavné jméno]

costing a lot of money, more than the necessary or affordable amount

extravagantní, luxusní

extravagantní, luxusní

Ex: She threw an extravagant birthday party with live music and gourmet catering. 
affluent
affluent
[Přídavné jméno]

possessing a great amount of riches and material goods

zámožný, bohatý

zámožný, bohatý

Ex: The affluent neighborhood was characterized by its luxurious homes and upscale amenities. 
upscale
upscale
[Přídavné jméno]

high quality, luxurious, or intended for a wealthier clientele

exkluzivní, luxusní

exkluzivní, luxusní

Ex: The upscale restaurant offered a menu featuring gourmet dishes prepared with the finest ingredients. 
lavish
lavish
[Přídavné jméno]

generous in giving or expressing

štědrý, rozmařilý

štědrý, rozmařilý

Ex: The team received lavish praise for their outstanding performance. 
real estate
real estate
[Podstatné jméno]

a piece of land, building, or other similar property as opposed to personal possessions

nemovitost,  realitní majetek

nemovitost, realitní majetek

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