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Matemáticas y Evaluación ACT - Economía

Aprende vocabulario ACT para economía, incluyendo mercados, precios, oferta, demanda, producción, consumo, recursos y otros conceptos económicos básicos.

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ACT Vocabulary for Math and Assessment
to compensate

to give someone money or another benefit for loss, injury, damage, or inconvenience they have suffered

compensar,  indemnizar

compensar, indemnizar

Ex: The company agreed to compensate Michael for his medical expenses. 
to reimburse

to repay someone for expenses or losses they have experienced

reembolsar, compensar

reembolsar, compensar

Ex: The insurance plan will reimburse policyholders for medical bills covered under the policy. 

El plan de seguro reembolsará a los asegurados por las facturas médicas cubiertas bajo la póliza.

to accrue
to accrue
[Verbo]

(particularly related to money) to gradually increase in amount or number

acumularse

acumularse

Ex: The investment recently accrued significant dividends for the shareholders. 

La inversión recientemente acumuló dividendos significativos para los accionistas.

to donate
to donate
[Verbo]

to freely give goods, money, or food to someone or an organization

donar

donar

Ex: Many people donate to food banks to help those facing hunger. 
to fundraise

to seek financial contributions or donations for a particular cause, organization, or event

recaudar fondos, captar fondos

recaudar fondos, captar fondos

Ex: The organization fundraised through online campaigns and events. 

La organización recaudó fondos a través de campañas y eventos en línea.

to acquire
to acquire
[Verbo]

to buy or begin to have something

adquirir

adquirir

Ex: The team has recently acquired new equipment to improve operational efficiency. 
to borrow
to borrow
[Verbo]

to use or take something belonging to someone else, with the idea of returning it

pedir prestado

pedir prestado

Ex: He asked to borrow a pen from his classmate during the exam. 
to deposit
to deposit
[Verbo]

to put an amount of money or other item of value into a bank account

depositar, ingresar

depositar, ingresar

Ex: They deposited the cash from the fundraiser in the school's account for future use. 
to garner
to garner
[Verbo]

to obtain or earn something desired or needed, typically through effort or skill

obtener, conseguir

obtener, conseguir

Ex: He garnered praise for his outstanding performance in the play. 

Él obtuvo elogios por su destacada actuación en la obra.

tariff
tariff
[Sustantivo]

a tax imposed by a government on goods imported into or exported from a country

tarifa

tarifa

Ex: The company must pay a tariff on each shipment it imports. 
levy
levy
[Sustantivo]

an amount of money officially charged as a tax, fee, or other compulsory payment

gravamen,  tasa

gravamen, tasa

Ex: The airline added a security levy to every ticket. 
dividend
dividend
[Sustantivo]

a share of a company's profits paid to its shareholders

dividendo

dividendo

Ex: Investors were disappointed when the board decided not to pay a dividend. 
revenue
revenue
[Sustantivo]

the total income generated from business activities or other sources

ingresos

ingresos

Ex: The new product line significantly boosted their revenue. 
asset bubble
asset bubble
[Sustantivo]

a situation in which the prices of assets, such as stocks, real estate, or commodities, become significantly inflated beyond their intrinsic value due to speculative investing or market hype

burbuja de activos, burbuja especulativa

burbuja de activos, burbuja especulativa

Ex: Investors scrambled to sell their holdings before the asset bubble burst, fearing significant losses in their portfolios. 

Los inversores se apresuraron a vender sus tenencias antes de que estallara la burbuja de activos, temiendo pérdidas significativas en sus carteras.

expense
expense
[Sustantivo]

the amount of money spent to do or have something

gasto

gasto

Ex: Rent and utilities are among the most common monthly expenses for homeowners and renters alike. 
austerity
austerity
[Sustantivo]

strict economic measures implemented by a government to reduce public expenditure and budget deficits

austeridad

austeridad

Ex: Austerity led to widespread protests as citizens faced higher taxes and reduced access to essential services. 

La austeridad llevó a protestas generalizadas mientras los ciudadanos enfrentaban impuestos más altos y un acceso reducido a servicios esenciales.

commercialization
commercialization
[Sustantivo]

the process of introducing a new product or service into the market for sale

comercialización, lanzamiento al mercado

comercialización, lanzamiento al mercado

Ex: Researchers are exploring the commercialization of new medical technologies to improve patient care. 

Los investigadores están explorando la comercialización de nuevas tecnologías médicas para mejorar la atención al paciente.

commodity
commodity
[Sustantivo]

a product or raw material that can be bought and sold, especially in large quantities on financial markets

materia prima

materia prima

Ex: Copper prices rose sharply on international commodity markets. 
asset
asset
[Sustantivo]

a valuable resource or quality owned by an individual, organization, or entity, typically with economic value and the potential to provide future benefits

valor

valor

Ex: Stocks and bonds are financial assets that can generate income and capital gains for investors. 
boom-bust cycle
boom-bust cycle
[Sustantivo]

an economic cycle characterized by periods of rapid economic expansion followed by periods of contraction or recession

ciclo de auge y caída, ciclo expansión-recesión

ciclo de auge y caída, ciclo expansión-recesión

Ex: Governments and central banks often try to mitigate the effects of the boom-bust cycle through monetary and fiscal policies. 

Los gobiernos y los bancos centrales a menudo intentan mitigar los efectos del ciclo de auge y caída a través de políticas monetarias y fiscales.

economy of scale
economy of scale
[Sustantivo]

the cost advantages that enterprises obtain due to size, output, or scale of operation

economía de escala, economías de escala

economía de escala, economías de escala

Ex: Economies of scale in transportation reduced shipping costs for bulk orders. 

Las economías de escala en el transporte redujeron los costos de envío para pedidos al por mayor.

stock market
stock market
[Sustantivo]

the business of trading and exchanging shares of different companies

bolsa de valores

bolsa de valores

Ex: News of the company's breakthrough product led to a surge in its stock market value. 

La noticia del producto innovador de la empresa provocó un aumento en el valor de su mercado de valores.

fiduciary
fiduciary
[Sustantivo]

a person or organization that holds a position of trust, responsibility, and confidence to manage assets or property on behalf of others

fiduciario, depositario

fiduciario, depositario

Ex: Investment advisors have a fiduciary duty to prioritize their clients' financial interests. 

Los asesores de inversiones tienen un deber fiduciario de priorizar los intereses financieros de sus clientes.

depreciation
depreciation
[Sustantivo]

a decline in something's price or value

depreciación

depreciación

Ex: Depreciation of property values in the neighborhood has made it difficult for homeowners to sell their houses. 

La depreciación de los valores de las propiedades en el vecindario ha dificultado que los propietarios vendan sus casas.

salvage value
salvage value
[Sustantivo]

the estimated residual value of an asset at the end of its useful life

valor de rescate, valor residual

valor de rescate, valor residual

Ex: The salvage value of the building was factored into the total cost when planning the demolition and recycling of materials. 

El valor de rescate del edificio se tuvo en cuenta en el costo total al planificar la demolición y el reciclaje de materiales.

auction
auction
[Sustantivo]

a sale in which goods or property are sold to the person who offers the highest price

subasta

subasta

Ex: The house will be put up for auction next month. 
transaction
transaction
[Sustantivo]

the general process of purchasing or selling something

transacción

transacción

Ex: Effective leaders ensure the seamless transaction of organizational operations. 
subsidy
subsidy
[Sustantivo]

money provided by a government or organization to support or encourage an activity, industry, service, or expense

subvención, subsidio

subvención, subsidio

Ex: The company received a subsidy to help develop renewable energy technology. 
monopoly
monopoly
[Sustantivo]

a market situation in which a single company or supplier has exclusive control over a product or service and faces no effective competition

monopolio

monopolio

Ex: The company was accused of trying to establish a monopoly in online advertising. 
handout
handout
[Sustantivo]

money, food, or other resources distributed freely to those in need, typically by an organization or government

ayuda, subvención

ayuda, subvención

Ex: The local church offers weekly handouts of groceries to struggling families in the community. 

La iglesia local ofrece repartos semanales de comestibles a las familias necesitadas de la comunidad.

tuition
tuition
[Sustantivo]

an amount of money that one pays to receive an education, particularly in a university or college

matrícula

matrícula

recession
recession
[Sustantivo]

a hard time in a country's economy characterized by a reduction in employment, production, and trade

recesión

recesión

Ex: Families had to tighten their budgets and cut back on spending due to the recession. 
bankruptcy
bankruptcy
[Sustantivo]

a situation in which a person or business is unable to pay due debts

bancarrota

bancarrota

Ex: Bankruptcy can provide a fresh start for individuals in severe debt. 
blockbuster
blockbuster
[Sustantivo]

a thing that achieves great widespread popularity or financial success, particularly a movie, book, or other product

éxito de taquilla, bestseller

éxito de taquilla, bestseller

Ex: Blockbuster video games often feature cutting-edge graphics and immersive gameplay. 

Los videojuegos blockbuster a menudo cuentan con gráficos de vanguardia y una jugabilidad inmersiva.

stake
stake
[Sustantivo]

an amount of money invested in a business

participación, acción

participación, acción

Ex: The billionaire entrepreneur acquired a controlling stake in the struggling airline to turn it around. 
consumer
consumer
[Sustantivo]

someone who buys and uses services or goods

consumidor

consumidor

Ex: The new smartphone model received positive reviews from consumers. 
investor
investor
[Sustantivo]

a person or organization that provides money or resources to a business or project with the expectation of making a profit

inversor

inversor

Ex: She met with an investor to pitch her business idea. 
overhead
overhead
[Sustantivo]

the regular costs required for maintaining a business or an organization

gastos generales

gastos generales

Ex: Keeping overhead low allowed the startup to reinvest more money into product development. 
outlay
outlay
[Sustantivo]

the sum of money spent

gasto, inversión

gasto, inversión

Ex: Initial outlay for the equipment was high. 

El desembolso inicial para el equipo fue alto.

opulence
opulence
[Sustantivo]

wealth or affluence, especially when displayed in a showy manner

opulencia

opulencia

Ex: The movie aimed to depict the opulence of the 1920s, showcasing luxurious fashion and grand events. 

La película pretendía representar la opulencia de los años 1920, mostrando moda lujosa y grandes eventos.

treasury
treasury
[Sustantivo]

the money, funds, or financial resources belonging to a government, organization, or institution

tesorería, erario

tesorería, erario

Ex: Higher revenues added considerably to the state treasury. 
bounty
bounty
[Sustantivo]

a reward or payment given as motivation for completing a task or reaching an objective

recompensa, premio

recompensa, premio

Ex: There is a bounty for information leading to the capture of the fugitive. 

Hay una recompensa por información que conduzca a la captura del fugitivo.

ledger
ledger
[Sustantivo]

a book or digital record that contains financial transactions and balances, organized by accounts

libro mayor, registro contable

libro mayor, registro contable

Ex: The bank's ledger showed discrepancies that needed to be reconciled. 

El libro mayor del banco mostraba discrepancias que necesitaban ser conciliadas.

pecuniary
pecuniary
[Adjetivo]

involving or about money

pecuniario

pecuniario

Ex: The pecuniary interests of the investors influenced the company's decisions. 

Los intereses pecuniarios de los inversores influyeron en las decisiones de la empresa.

fiscal
fiscal
[Adjetivo]

relating to government revenue, spending, taxation, or other public finances

fiscal

fiscal

Ex: Rising debt has created serious fiscal pressures for the government. 
monetary
monetary
[Adjetivo]

relating to money or currency

monetario

monetario

Ex: The government announced measures to stimulate economic growth through monetary incentives. 

El gobierno anunció medidas para estimular el crecimiento económico a través de incentivos monetarios.

lucrative
lucrative
[Adjetivo]

capable of producing a lot of profit or earning a great amount of money for someone

lucrativo

lucrativo

Ex: Investing in technology stocks can be very lucrative if done wisely. 

Invertir en acciones tecnológicas puede ser muy lucrativo si se hace con sabiduría.

marketable
marketable
[Adjetivo]

desirable or sought after, especially by employers or in the marketplace

comercializable, vendible

comercializable, vendible

Ex: Fluency in multiple languages is a marketable skill in the global job market. 

El dominio de varios idiomas es una habilidad demandada en el mercado laboral global.

intensive
intensive
[Adjetivo]

using or requiring a large amount of a particular resource

intensivo

intensivo

Ex: Emma works in a knowledge-intensive industry. 
profitable
profitable
[Adjetivo]

(of a business) providing benefits or valuable returns

rentable

rentable

Ex: Investing in renewable energy has turned out to be a profitable venture for many companies. 
nonprofit
nonprofit
[Adjetivo]

(of an organization, activity, etc.) operating without the goal of generating any financial benefits

sin fines de lucro, sin ánimo de lucro

sin fines de lucro, sin ánimo de lucro

Ex: The nonprofit art gallery relies on donations and grants to fund its exhibitions. 

La galería de arte sin fines de lucro depende de donaciones y subvenciones para financiar sus exposiciones.

capitalistic
capitalistic
[Adjetivo]

characterized by an economic system where private ownership of businesses and resources drives production and distribution with a focus on profit

capitalista, capitalístico

capitalista, capitalístico

Ex: Capitalistic principles encourage competition and efficiency in business. 

Los principios capitalistas fomentan la competencia y la eficiencia en los negocios.

high-end
high-end
[Adjetivo]

having a much higher quality and price than the rest of their kind

de alta gama, exclusivo

de alta gama, exclusivo

Ex: The boutique specializes in high-end fashion, featuring designer clothing and accessories. 

La boutique se especializa en moda de alta gama, con ropa y accesorios de diseñador.

parsimonious
parsimonious
[Adjetivo]

spending money very reluctantly

mezquino

mezquino

Ex: Players complained the team owner was too parsimonious to pay for good free agents. 

Los jugadores se quejaron de que el dueño del equipo era demasiado parsimonioso para pagar buenos agentes libres.

extravagant
extravagant
[Adjetivo]

costing a lot of money, more than the necessary or affordable amount

derrochador, despilfarrador

derrochador, despilfarrador

Ex: The hotel's extravagant suites offered breathtaking views and personalized butler service. 

Las suites extravagantes del hotel ofrecían vistas impresionantes y un servicio de mayordomo personalizado.

affluent
affluent
[Adjetivo]

possessing a great amount of riches and material goods

próspero

próspero

Ex: She grew up in an affluent family, attending private schools and traveling abroad frequently. 

Ella creció en una familia acomodada, asistiendo a escuelas privadas y viajando al extranjero con frecuencia.

upscale
upscale
[Adjetivo]

high quality, luxurious, or intended for a wealthier clientele

exclusivo, de lujo

exclusivo, de lujo

Ex: She chose to stay at an upscale boutique hotel known for its personalized service and stylish accommodations. 

Ella eligió quedarse en un hotel boutique exclusivo conocido por su servicio personalizado y alojamientos con estilo.

lavish
lavish
[Adjetivo]

generous in giving or expressing

espléndido

espléndido

Ex: She gave him a lavish gift to celebrate his promotion. 

Ella le dio un regalo generoso para celebrar su ascenso.

real estate
real estate
[Sustantivo]

a piece of land, building, or other similar property as opposed to personal possessions

propiedades inmobiliarias

propiedades inmobiliarias

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