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ACT 数学と評価 - Economics

ここでは、ACT の合格に役立つ「財務」、「商品」、「預金」など、経済に関連する英単語をいくつか学びます。

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ACT Vocabulary for Math and Assessment
to compensate

to give something, particularly money, to make up for the difficulty, pain, damage, etc. that someone has suffered

補償する, 埋め合わせる

補償する, 埋め合わせる

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[動詞]
to reimburse

to repay someone for expenses or losses they have experienced

払い戻す, 補償する

払い戻す, 補償する

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[動詞]
to accrue

(particularly related to money) to gradually increase in amount or number

蓄積する, 増加する

蓄積する, 増加する

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[動詞]
to donate

to freely give goods, money, or food to someone or an organization

寄付する, 捐赠する

寄付する, 捐赠する

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[動詞]
to fundraise

to seek financial contributions or donations for a particular cause, organization, or event

資金を調達する, ファンドレイジングを行う

資金を調達する, ファンドレイジングを行う

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[動詞]
to acquire

to buy or begin to have something

取得する, 買う

取得する, 買う

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[動詞]
to borrow

to use or take something belonging to someone else, with the idea of returning it

借りる, 貸してもらう

借りる, 貸してもらう

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[動詞]
to deposit

to put an amount of money or other item of value into a bank account

預ける, デポジットする

預ける, デポジットする

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[動詞]
to garner

to obtain or earn something desired or needed, typically through effort or skill

得る, 集める

得る, 集める

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[動詞]
tariff

a tax paid on goods imported or exported

関税, タリフ

関税, タリフ

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[名詞]
levy

a charge or fee set, especially by authority or law

課徴金, 税

課徴金, 税

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[名詞]
dividend

an amount of money paid regularly to the shareholders of a company

配当金

配当金

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[名詞]
revenue

money that an organization or business earns over a period of time

収益, 利益

収益, 利益

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[名詞]
asset bubble

a situation in which the prices of assets, such as stocks, real estate, or commodities, become significantly inflated beyond their intrinsic value due to speculative investing or market hype

資産バブル, アセットバブル

資産バブル, アセットバブル

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[名詞]
expense

the amount of money spent to do or have something

費用, 出費

費用, 出費

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[名詞]
austerity

strict economic measures implemented by a government to reduce public expenditure and budget deficits

緊縮

緊縮

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[名詞]
commercialization

the process of introducing a new product or service into the market for sale

商業化, 市場投入

商業化, 市場投入

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[名詞]
commodity

(economics) an unprocessed material that can be traded in different exchanges or marketplaces

商品, コモディティ

商品, コモディティ

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[名詞]
asset

a valuable resource or quality owned by an individual, organization, or entity, typically with economic value and the potential to provide future benefits

資産, アセット

資産, アセット

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[名詞]
boom-bust cycle

an economic cycle characterized by periods of rapid economic expansion followed by periods of contraction or recession

ブームバストサイクル, 景気の拡大と縮小のサイクル

ブームバストサイクル, 景気の拡大と縮小のサイクル

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[名詞]
economy of scale

the cost advantages that enterprises obtain due to size, output, or scale of operation

規模の経済, スケールメリット

規模の経済, スケールメリット

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[名詞]
stock market

the business of trading and exchanging shares of different companies

株式市場, 証券市場

株式市場, 証券市場

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[名詞]
fiduciary

a person or organization that holds a position of trust, responsibility, and confidence to manage assets or property on behalf of others

受託者, 信託者

受託者, 信託者

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[名詞]
depreciation

a decline in something's price or value

減価, 価値下落

減価, 価値下落

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[名詞]
salvage value

the estimated residual value of an asset at the end of its useful life

残存価値, 廃棄価値

残存価値, 廃棄価値

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[名詞]
auction

a public sale in which goods or properties are sold to the person who bids higher

オークション, 競売

オークション, 競売

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[名詞]
transaction

the general process of purchasing or selling something

取引, トランザクション

取引, トランザクション

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[名詞]
subsidy

an amount of money that a government or organization pays to lower the costs of producing goods or providing services so that prices do not increase

補助金, 財政支援

補助金, 財政支援

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[名詞]
monopoly

a situation in which one organization or entity exclusively controls the production, distribution, or trade of a product or service, making other rivals unable to compete

独占, 独占状態

独占, 独占状態

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[名詞]
handout

money, food, or other resources distributed freely to those in need, typically by an organization or government

手当て, 配給

手当て, 配給

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[名詞]
tuition

an amount of money that one pays to receive an education, particularly in a university or college

学費, 授業料

学費, 授業料

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[名詞]
recession

a hard time in a country's economy characterized by a reduction in employment, production, and trade

景気後退

景気後退

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[名詞]
bankruptcy

a situation in which a person or business is unable to pay due debts

破産, 倒産

破産, 倒産

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[名詞]
blockbuster

a thing that achieves great widespread popularity or financial success, particularly a movie, book, or other product

大ヒット, 人気作品

大ヒット, 人気作品

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[名詞]
stake

an amount of money invested in a business

出資, 投資

出資, 投資

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[名詞]
consumer

someone who buys and uses services or goods

消費者, 消費者女性

消費者, 消費者女性

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[名詞]
investor

a person or organization that provides money or resources to a business or project with the expectation of making a profit

投資家, 女性投資家

投資家, 女性投資家

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[名詞]
overhead

the regular costs required for maintaining a business or an organization

間接費, 固定費

間接費, 固定費

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[名詞]
outlay

an amount of budget dedicated to something

支出, 投資

支出, 投資

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[名詞]
opulence

wealth or affluence, especially when displayed in a showy manner

豪華, 富

豪華, 富

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[名詞]
treasury

the funds and resources that a country or organization controls

財務省, 財庫

財務省, 財庫

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[名詞]
bounty

a reward or payment given as motivation for completing a task or reaching an objective

報酬, 金銭的報奨

報酬, 金銭的報奨

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[名詞]
ledger

a book or digital record that contains financial transactions and balances, organized by accounts

元帳, 帳簿

元帳, 帳簿

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[名詞]
pecuniary

involving or about money

財政的, 金銭的

財政的, 金銭的

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[形容詞]
fiscal

relating to government revenue or public money, especially taxes

財政の, 予算の

財政の, 予算の

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[形容詞]
monetary

relating to money or currency

通貨の, 金融の

通貨の, 金融の

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[形容詞]
lucrative

capable of producing a lot of profit or earning a great amount of money for someone

収益性のある, 儲かる

収益性のある, 儲かる

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[形容詞]
marketable

desirable or sought after, especially by employers or in the marketplace

市場性のある, 需要のある

市場性のある, 需要のある

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[形容詞]
intensive

(in business) concentrating on or using something a lot, such as a piece of equipment, etc.

集中的, 強化された

集中的, 強化された

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[形容詞]
profitable

(of a business) making or yielding profit

利益をもたらす, 収益性のある

利益をもたらす, 収益性のある

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[形容詞]
nonprofit

(of an organization, activity, etc.) operating without the goal of generating any financial benefits

非営利の, 利益を目指さない

非営利の, 利益を目指さない

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[形容詞]
capitalistic

characterized by an economic system where private ownership of businesses and resources drives production and distribution with a focus on profit

資本主義的, 資本主義によって特徴付けられる

資本主義的, 資本主義によって特徴付けられる

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[形容詞]
high-end

having a much higher quality and price than the rest of their kind

高級な, ハイエンド

高級な, ハイエンド

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[形容詞]
parsimonious

spending money very reluctantly

けちな, 倹約的な

けちな, 倹約的な

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[形容詞]
extravagant

costing a lot of money, more than the necessary or affordable amount

 extravagant , 贅沢な

extravagant , 贅沢な

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[形容詞]
affluent

possessing a great amount of riches and material goods

裕福な, 富裕な

裕福な, 富裕な

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[形容詞]
upscale

high quality, luxurious, or intended for a wealthier clientele

高級な, ラグジュアリーな

高級な, ラグジュアリーな

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[形容詞]
lavish

(of people) spending money in an extravagant or generous manner

贅沢な, 気前の良い

贅沢な, 気前の良い

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[形容詞]
real estate

a piece of land, building, or other similar property as opposed to personal possessions

不動産, リアルエステート

不動産, リアルエステート

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[名詞]
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