Мовознавство - Linguistic Typology
Тут ви дізнаєтесь деякі англійські слова, пов’язані з лінгвістичною типологією, такі як «аналітична мова», «розділена ергативність» та «ідеофон».
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a type of language that primarily relies on word order and function words to convey grammatical relationships, rather than inflections or word endings
аналітична мова, аналітичний язик
a classification system used in linguistics to categorize languages based on their patterns of word formation and the ways in which they use affixes, inflections, and other morphological processes
морфологічна типологія, класифікація морфології
a type of language where words are formed by adding prefixes or suffixes to a base root, with each affix having a clear and consistent grammatical meaning
агглютинативна мова, агглюцинативна мова
a type of language where words undergo internal changes, such as vowel changes or consonant modifications, to indicate grammatical relationships, such as tense, number, and case
фузійна мова, зливаюча мова
a type of language where the majority of words are composed of a single syllable
моносилабічна мова, мова з односкладовими словами
a type of language in which grammatical relationships, such as tense, number, or case, are not explicitly indicated by the use of morphological markers or inflections
мова з нульовим маркуванням, мова без морфологічних маркерів
a group of languages that are believed to have descended from a common ancestral language
мовна сім'я, група мов
the process of analyzing and contrasting linguistic elements across different languages to identify similarities and differences
крослінгвістичне порівняння, міжмовне порівняння
the systematic association or correspondence between linguistic units, such as sounds, words, or grammatical structures, within a language or across languages
вирівнювання, узгодження
a grammatical system where the subject of an intransitive verb (absolutive) is treated differently from the subject of a transitive verb (ergative), often found in languages that exhibit ergativity
ергативно-абсолютивне визначення, ергативно-абсолютивна система
a grammatical system where the subject of an intransitive verb (nominative) is treated similarly to the subject of a transitive verb (nominative), while the object of a transitive verb (accusative) is marked differently, commonly found in languages that exhibit accusativity
номінативно-акузативна структура, номінативно-акузативна система
a grammatical system where verbs in a language are marked or behave differently based on whether the subject is considered volitional or agentive (active) or non-volitional or experiencer-like (stative), often found in languages that exhibit such semantic distinctions
активно-стативне вирівнювання, граматична система активного-стативного вирівнювання
the typological pattern of grammatical alignment found in languages belonging to the Austronesian language family
австронезійне вирівнювання, австронезійська структура
the way in which grammatical markers and morphological processes interact with the syntax of a language to determine the alignment pattern between arguments and verb forms
морфосинтаксичне вирівнювання, мorphosyntactic вирівнювання
a grammatical system in which the arguments of a verb are marked differently based on their grammatical role
трипартитне узгодження, триголове узгодження
a phenomenon in which a language exhibits a mixed pattern of ergative-absolutive alignment in some grammatical contexts and nominative-accusative alignment in others
роздільна ергативність, часткова ергативність
a grammatical system where the subject of an intransitive verb (nominative) is treated similarly to the subject of a transitive verb (nominative), while the object of a transitive verb (absolutive) is marked differently
номінативно-абсолютивне відношення, система номінативно-абсолютивна
a type of grammatical system in which verbs are marked to indicate the semantic role relationships between the subject and object(s) of a sentence
пряма мова інверсії, інверсна пряма система
a type of language that exhibits a particular alignment pattern in the marking of the object of a transitive verb
секундативна мова
a type of language where grammatical relationships between words are primarily marked on the dependent or non-head elements of a construction, rather than on the head or main element
мова з залежним маркуванням, мова залежного маркування
a type of language where grammatical relationships between words are primarily marked on the head or main elements of a construction, rather than on the dependents
мова з головним маркуванням, мови з маркуванням на голові
a type of language where the subject of a sentence can be omitted or left unexpressed when it can be inferred from the context
мова з нульовим підметом, мова з пропущеним підметом
a type of language in which words are constructed by combining multiple morphemes to express complex meanings
полісинтетична мова, мова з полісинтетичною структурою
a type of word or linguistic form found in certain languages that vividly describes sensory perceptions or states, often related to sound, movement, color, or other sensory experiences
ідейофон, слово-ідейофон