Мовознавство - Linguistic Typology

a type of language that primarily relies on word order and function words to convey grammatical relationships, rather than inflections or word endings

a classification system used in linguistics to categorize languages based on their patterns of word formation and the ways in which they use affixes, inflections, and other morphological processes

a type of language where words are formed by adding prefixes or suffixes to a base root, with each affix having a clear and consistent grammatical meaning

a type of language where words undergo internal changes, such as vowel changes or consonant modifications, to indicate grammatical relationships, such as tense, number, and case

a type of language where the majority of words are composed of a single syllable

a type of language in which grammatical relationships, such as tense, number, or case, are not explicitly indicated by the use of morphological markers or inflections

a group of languages that are believed to have descended from a common ancestral language

the process of analyzing and contrasting linguistic elements across different languages to identify similarities and differences

the systematic association or correspondence between linguistic units, such as sounds, words, or grammatical structures, within a language or across languages

a grammatical system where the subject of an intransitive verb (absolutive) is treated differently from the subject of a transitive verb (ergative), often found in languages that exhibit ergativity

a grammatical system where subjects of both transitive and intransitive verbs are treated alike, while objects are marked differently

a grammatical system distinguishing subjects based on volition, marking active agents differently from stative experiencers

the typological pattern of grammatical alignment found in languages belonging to the Austronesian language family

the way in which grammatical markers and morphological processes interact with the syntax of a language to determine the alignment pattern between arguments and verb forms

a grammatical system in which the arguments of a verb are marked differently based on their grammatical role

a phenomenon in which a language exhibits a mixed pattern of ergative-absolutive alignment in some grammatical contexts and nominative-accusative alignment in others

a grammatical system where the subject of an intransitive verb (nominative) is treated similarly to the subject of a transitive verb (nominative), while the object of a transitive verb (absolutive) is marked differently

a type of grammatical system in which verbs are marked to indicate the semantic role relationships between the subject and object(s) of a sentence

a type of language that exhibits a particular alignment pattern in the marking of the object of a transitive verb

a type of language where grammatical relationships between words are primarily marked on the dependent or non-head elements of a construction, rather than on the head or main element

a type of language where grammatical relationships between words are primarily marked on the head or main elements of a construction, rather than on the dependents

a type of language where the subject of a sentence can be omitted or left unexpressed when it can be inferred from the context

a type of language in which words are constructed by combining multiple morphemes to express complex meanings

a type of word or linguistic form found in certain languages that vividly describes sensory perceptions or states, often related to sound, movement, color, or other sensory experiences