زبان‌شناسی - گونه شناسی زبانی

a type of language that primarily relies on word order and function words to convey grammatical relationships, rather than inflections or word endings

*زبان تحلیلی

a classification system used in linguistics to categorize languages based on their patterns of word formation and the ways in which they use affixes, inflections, and other morphological processes

نوع شناسی morphologic, رده‌بندی Morphologic

a type of language where words are formed by adding prefixes or suffixes to a base root, with each affix having a clear and consistent grammatical meaning

*زبان پیوندی

a type of language where words undergo internal changes, such as vowel changes or consonant modifications, to indicate grammatical relationships, such as tense, number, and case

*زبان تصریفی

a type of language where the majority of words are composed of a single syllable

زبان تک‌هجی, زبان تک‌سیلابی

a type of language in which grammatical relationships, such as tense, number, or case, are not explicitly indicated by the use of morphological markers or inflections

زبان بدون علامت‌گذاری, زبان بدون نشانه‌های صرفی

a group of languages that are believed to have descended from a common ancestral language

*خانواده زبانی

the process of analyzing and contrasting linguistic elements across different languages to identify similarities and differences

مقایسه بین زبانی, تحلیل مقایسه‌ای زبان‌ها

the systematic association or correspondence between linguistic units, such as sounds, words, or grammatical structures, within a language or across languages

همسویی, هم‌ترازی

a grammatical system where the subject of an intransitive verb (absolutive) is treated differently from the subject of a transitive verb (ergative), often found in languages that exhibit ergativity

تراز ارگاتیو-ابزولوتیو, سیستم ارگاتیو-ابزولوتیو

a grammatical system where the subject of an intransitive verb (nominative) is treated similarly to the subject of a transitive verb (nominative), while the object of a transitive verb (accusative) is marked differently, commonly found in languages that exhibit accusativity

ترتیب نامی-مفعولی, سیستم نامی-مفعولی

a grammatical system where verbs in a language are marked or behave differently based on whether the subject is considered volitional or agentive (active) or non-volitional or experiencer-like (stative), often found in languages that exhibit such semantic distinctions

هم‌راستایی فعال-ایستا, سیستم هم‌راستایی فعال-ایستا

the typological pattern of grammatical alignment found in languages belonging to the Austronesian language family

تراز آسترونزی, تراز گرامری آسترونزی

the way in which grammatical markers and morphological processes interact with the syntax of a language to determine the alignment pattern between arguments and verb forms

هم‌ترازی مورفوسینتاکتیک, الگوی هم‌ترازی مورفوسینتاکتیک

a grammatical system in which the arguments of a verb are marked differently based on their grammatical role

تنظیم سه‌گانه, تنظیم سه‌گانه

a phenomenon in which a language exhibits a mixed pattern of ergative-absolutive alignment in some grammatical contexts and nominative-accusative alignment in others

ارگاتیویته تقسیم شده, ارگاتیویته جزئی

a grammatical system where the subject of an intransitive verb (nominative) is treated similarly to the subject of a transitive verb (nominative), while the object of a transitive verb (absolutive) is marked differently

تراز نومیناتیو-ابزولوتیو, سیستم نومیناتیو-ابزولوتیو

a type of grammatical system in which verbs are marked to indicate the semantic role relationships between the subject and object(s) of a sentence

زبان معکوس مستقیم, سیستم گرامری معکوس مستقیم

a type of language that exhibits a particular alignment pattern in the marking of the object of a transitive verb

زبان ثانویه

a type of language where grammatical relationships between words are primarily marked on the dependent or non-head elements of a construction, rather than on the head or main element

زبان علامت‌گذاری وابسته, زبان وابسته‌نما

a type of language where grammatical relationships between words are primarily marked on the head or main elements of a construction, rather than on the dependents

زبان با نشانه‌گذاری بر سر, زبان سر-نشانه‌گذاری

a type of language where the subject of a sentence can be omitted or left unexpressed when it can be inferred from the context

زبان بدون فاعل, زبان حذف‌شده فاعل

a type of language in which words are constructed by combining multiple morphemes to express complex meanings

*زبان چندترکیبی

a type of word or linguistic form found in certain languages that vividly describes sensory perceptions or states, often related to sound, movement, color, or other sensory experiences

*اندیش‌آوا