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a type of language that primarily relies on word order and function words to convey grammatical relationships, rather than inflections or word endings
分析性语言, 分析语言
a classification system used in linguistics to categorize languages based on their patterns of word formation and the ways in which they use affixes, inflections, and other morphological processes
形态学类型学, 形态学分类
a type of language where words are formed by adding prefixes or suffixes to a base root, with each affix having a clear and consistent grammatical meaning
黏着语, 粘着语言
a type of language where words undergo internal changes, such as vowel changes or consonant modifications, to indicate grammatical relationships, such as tense, number, and case
融合语言, 合成语言
a type of language where the majority of words are composed of a single syllable
单音节语言, 单音节的语言
a type of language in which grammatical relationships, such as tense, number, or case, are not explicitly indicated by the use of morphological markers or inflections
零标记语言, 无形态标记的语言
a group of languages that are believed to have descended from a common ancestral language
语言家族, 语言组
the process of analyzing and contrasting linguistic elements across different languages to identify similarities and differences
跨语言比较, 语言比较分析
the systematic association or correspondence between linguistic units, such as sounds, words, or grammatical structures, within a language or across languages
对齐, 对应
a grammatical system where the subject of an intransitive verb (absolutive) is treated differently from the subject of a transitive verb (ergative), often found in languages that exhibit ergativity
能动-绝对对齐, 能动-绝对系统
a grammatical system where the subject of an intransitive verb (nominative) is treated similarly to the subject of a transitive verb (nominative), while the object of a transitive verb (accusative) is marked differently, commonly found in languages that exhibit accusativity
主格-宾格对齐, 主格-宾格系统
a grammatical system where verbs in a language are marked or behave differently based on whether the subject is considered volitional or agentive (active) or non-volitional or experiencer-like (stative), often found in languages that exhibit such semantic distinctions
主动-静态对齐, 主动-静态系统
the typological pattern of grammatical alignment found in languages belonging to the Austronesian language family
南岛语系对齐, 南岛语法对齐
the way in which grammatical markers and morphological processes interact with the syntax of a language to determine the alignment pattern between arguments and verb forms
形态句法对齐, 形态句法排列
a grammatical system in which the arguments of a verb are marked differently based on their grammatical role
三方对齐, 三方对称
a phenomenon in which a language exhibits a mixed pattern of ergative-absolutive alignment in some grammatical contexts and nominative-accusative alignment in others
分裂的语法关系, 部分性ergativity
a grammatical system where the subject of an intransitive verb (nominative) is treated similarly to the subject of a transitive verb (nominative), while the object of a transitive verb (absolutive) is marked differently
主格-绝对格对齐, 主格-绝对格系统
a type of grammatical system in which verbs are marked to indicate the semantic role relationships between the subject and object(s) of a sentence
直接逆向语言, 逆向直接语法系统
a type of language that exhibits a particular alignment pattern in the marking of the object of a transitive verb
次要语言
a type of language where grammatical relationships between words are primarily marked on the dependent or non-head elements of a construction, rather than on the head or main element
依赖标记语言, 依赖性标记语言
a type of language where grammatical relationships between words are primarily marked on the head or main elements of a construction, rather than on the dependents
头标记语言, 主语标记语言
a type of language where the subject of a sentence can be omitted or left unexpressed when it can be inferred from the context
空主语语言, 零主语语言
a type of language in which words are constructed by combining multiple morphemes to express complex meanings
多合成语言, 多合成词语
a type of word or linguistic form found in certain languages that vividly describes sensory perceptions or states, often related to sound, movement, color, or other sensory experiences
象声词, 表意词
