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a type of language that primarily relies on word order and function words to convey grammatical relationships, rather than inflections or word endings
分析语言
a classification system used in linguistics to categorize languages based on their patterns of word formation and the ways in which they use affixes, inflections, and other morphological processes
形态类型学
a type of language where words are formed by adding prefixes or suffixes to a base root, with each affix having a clear and consistent grammatical meaning
粘着语
a type of language where words undergo internal changes, such as vowel changes or consonant modifications, to indicate grammatical relationships, such as tense, number, and case
融合语言
a type of language where the majority of words are composed of a single syllable
单音节语言
a type of language in which grammatical relationships, such as tense, number, or case, are not explicitly indicated by the use of morphological markers or inflections
零标记语言
a group of languages that are believed to have descended from a common ancestral language
语系
the process of analyzing and contrasting linguistic elements across different languages to identify similarities and differences
跨语言比较
the systematic association or correspondence between linguistic units, such as sounds, words, or grammatical structures, within a language or across languages
对准
a grammatical system where the subject of an intransitive verb (absolutive) is treated differently from the subject of a transitive verb (ergative), often found in languages that exhibit ergativity
作格-绝对对齐
a grammatical system where the subject of an intransitive verb (nominative) is treated similarly to the subject of a transitive verb (nominative), while the object of a transitive verb (accusative) is marked differently, commonly found in languages that exhibit accusativity
主格-宾格对齐
a grammatical system where verbs in a language are marked or behave differently based on whether the subject is considered volitional or agentive (active) or non-volitional or experiencer-like (stative), often found in languages that exhibit such semantic distinctions
主动-静态对齐
the typological pattern of grammatical alignment found in languages belonging to the Austronesian language family
南岛语系排列
the way in which grammatical markers and morphological processes interact with the syntax of a language to determine the alignment pattern between arguments and verb forms
形态句法对齐
a grammatical system in which the arguments of a verb are marked differently based on their grammatical role
三方对齐
a phenomenon in which a language exhibits a mixed pattern of ergative-absolutive alignment in some grammatical contexts and nominative-accusative alignment in others
分裂作格
a grammatical system where the subject of an intransitive verb (nominative) is treated similarly to the subject of a transitive verb (nominative), while the object of a transitive verb (absolutive) is marked differently
主格-绝对对齐
a type of grammatical system in which verbs are marked to indicate the semantic role relationships between the subject and object(s) of a sentence
正逆语言
a type of language that exhibits a particular alignment pattern in the marking of the object of a transitive verb
继发语言
a type of language where grammatical relationships between words are primarily marked on the dependent or non-head elements of a construction, rather than on the head or main element
依赖标记语言
a type of language where grammatical relationships between words are primarily marked on the head or main elements of a construction, rather than on the dependents
头部标记语言
a type of language where the subject of a sentence can be omitted or left unexpressed when it can be inferred from the context
空主题语言
a type of language in which words are constructed by combining multiple morphemes to express complex meanings
多合成语言
a type of word or linguistic form found in certain languages that vividly describes sensory perceptions or states, often related to sound, movement, color, or other sensory experiences
录音机
