Words Related to Linguistics - Linguistic Typology
Here you will learn some English words related to linguistic typology such as "analytic language", "split ergativity", and "ideophone".
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analytic language
[noun]
a type of language that primarily relies on word order and function words to convey grammatical relationships, rather than inflections or word endings
morphological typology
[noun]
a classification system used in linguistics to categorize languages based on their patterns of word formation and the ways in which they use affixes, inflections, and other morphological processes
agglutinative language
[noun]
a type of language where words are formed by adding prefixes or suffixes to a base root, with each affix having a clear and consistent grammatical meaning
fusional language
[noun]
a type of language where words undergo internal changes, such as vowel changes or consonant modifications, to indicate grammatical relationships, such as tense, number, and case
monosyllabic language
[noun]
a type of language where the majority of words are composed of a single syllable
zero-marking language
[noun]
a type of language in which grammatical relationships, such as tense, number, or case, are not explicitly indicated by the use of morphological markers or inflections
language family
[noun]
a group of languages that are believed to have descended from a common ancestral language
cross-linguistic comparison
[noun]
the process of analyzing and contrasting linguistic elements across different languages to identify similarities and differences
ergative–absolutive alignment
[noun]
a grammatical system where the subject of an intransitive verb (absolutive) is treated differently from the subject of a transitive verb (ergative), often found in languages that exhibit ergativity
nominative–accusative alignment
[noun]
a grammatical system where the subject of an intransitive verb (nominative) is treated similarly to the subject of a transitive verb (nominative), while the object of a transitive verb (accusative) is marked differently, commonly found in languages that exhibit accusativity
active–stative alignment
[noun]
a grammatical system where verbs in a language are marked or behave differently based on whether the subject is considered volitional or agentive (active) or non-volitional or experiencer-like (stative), often found in languages that exhibit such semantic distinctions
Austronesian alignment
[noun]
the typological pattern of grammatical alignment found in languages belonging to the Austronesian language family
morphosyntactic alignment
[noun]
the way in which grammatical markers and morphological processes interact with the syntax of a language to determine the alignment pattern between arguments and verb forms
tripartite alignment
[noun]
a grammatical system in which the arguments of a verb are marked differently based on their grammatical role
split ergativity
[noun]
a phenomenon in which a language exhibits a mixed pattern of ergative-absolutive alignment in some grammatical contexts and nominative-accusative alignment in others
nominative–absolutive alignment
[noun]
a grammatical system where the subject of an intransitive verb (nominative) is treated similarly to the subject of a transitive verb (nominative), while the object of a transitive verb (absolutive) is marked differently
direct-inverse language
[noun]
a type of grammatical system in which verbs are marked to indicate the semantic role relationships between the subject and object(s) of a sentence
secundative language
[noun]
a type of language that exhibits a particular alignment pattern in the marking of the object of a transitive verb
dependent-marking language
[noun]
a type of language where grammatical relationships between words are primarily marked on the dependent or non-head elements of a construction, rather than on the head or main element
head-marking language
[noun]
a type of language where grammatical relationships between words are primarily marked on the head or main elements of a construction, rather than on the dependents
null-subject language
[noun]
a type of language where the subject of a sentence can be omitted or left unexpressed when it can be inferred from the context
polysynthetic language
[noun]
a type of language in which words are constructed by combining multiple morphemes to express complex meanings
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