ログイン
言語学 - Linguistic Typology
ここでは、「分析的言語」、「分裂能格性」、「イデオフォン」など、言語類型論に関連するいくつかの英語の単語を学びます。
レビュー
フラッシュカード
綴り
クイズ
a type of language that primarily relies on word order and function words to convey grammatical relationships, rather than inflections or word endings
分析的言語, 孤立語
a classification system used in linguistics to categorize languages based on their patterns of word formation and the ways in which they use affixes, inflections, and other morphological processes
形態論的类型論, 形態論的分類
a type of language where words are formed by adding prefixes or suffixes to a base root, with each affix having a clear and consistent grammatical meaning
膠着語, 膠着語
a type of language where words undergo internal changes, such as vowel changes or consonant modifications, to indicate grammatical relationships, such as tense, number, and case
融合言語, 屈折言語
a type of language where the majority of words are composed of a single syllable
単音節言語, モノシラビック言語
a type of language in which grammatical relationships, such as tense, number, or case, are not explicitly indicated by the use of morphological markers or inflections
ゼロマーキング言語, 無標言語
a group of languages that are believed to have descended from a common ancestral language
言語族, 言語グループ
the process of analyzing and contrasting linguistic elements across different languages to identify similarities and differences
言語間比較, 対照言語学的分析
the systematic association or correspondence between linguistic units, such as sounds, words, or grammatical structures, within a language or across languages
整列, 体系的な対応
a grammatical system where the subject of an intransitive verb (absolutive) is treated differently from the subject of a transitive verb (ergative), often found in languages that exhibit ergativity
能格-絶対格配置, 能格-絶対格システム
a grammatical system where subjects of both transitive and intransitive verbs are treated alike, while objects are marked differently
主格-対格配列, 主格-対格システム
a grammatical system distinguishing subjects based on volition, marking active agents differently from stative experiencers
能格-絶対格配列, 能格-絶対格システム
the typological pattern of grammatical alignment found in languages belonging to the Austronesian language family
オーストロネシアンアライメント, オーストロネシア語族に属する言語で見られる文法アライメントの類型論的パターン
the way in which grammatical markers and morphological processes interact with the syntax of a language to determine the alignment pattern between arguments and verb forms
形態統語的アラインメント, 形態統語的配置
a grammatical system in which the arguments of a verb are marked differently based on their grammatical role
三者配置, 三つの文法システム
a phenomenon in which a language exhibits a mixed pattern of ergative-absolutive alignment in some grammatical contexts and nominative-accusative alignment in others
分裂能格性, 分かれた能格性
a grammatical system where the subject of an intransitive verb (nominative) is treated similarly to the subject of a transitive verb (nominative), while the object of a transitive verb (absolutive) is marked differently
主格–絶対格配置, 主格–絶対格システム
a type of grammatical system in which verbs are marked to indicate the semantic role relationships between the subject and object(s) of a sentence
直接-逆言語, 直接-逆文法システム
a type of language that exhibits a particular alignment pattern in the marking of the object of a transitive verb
二次的言語, 他動詞の目的語のマーキングにおいて特定のアラインメントパターンを示す言語のタイプ
a type of language where grammatical relationships between words are primarily marked on the dependent or non-head elements of a construction, rather than on the head or main element
従属部標示言語, 依存要素標示言語
a type of language where grammatical relationships between words are primarily marked on the head or main elements of a construction, rather than on the dependents
頭部標示言語, 頭部に標示する言語
a type of language where the subject of a sentence can be omitted or left unexpressed when it can be inferred from the context
主語脱落言語, プロドロップ言語
a type of language in which words are constructed by combining multiple morphemes to express complex meanings
多総合的言語, 膠着語
| 言語学 |
|---|
