Lingvistika - Linguistic Typology
Zde se naučíte některá anglická slova související s lingvistickou typologií, jako je „analytický jazyk“, „split ergativity“ a „ideophone“.
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a type of language that primarily relies on word order and function words to convey grammatical relationships, rather than inflections or word endings
analytický jazyk, jazyk analytického typu
a classification system used in linguistics to categorize languages based on their patterns of word formation and the ways in which they use affixes, inflections, and other morphological processes
morfologická typologie, morfologická klasifikace
a type of language where words are formed by adding prefixes or suffixes to a base root, with each affix having a clear and consistent grammatical meaning
aglutinační jazyk, aglutinativní jazyk
a type of language where words undergo internal changes, such as vowel changes or consonant modifications, to indicate grammatical relationships, such as tense, number, and case
fúzní jazyk, fusionalní jazyk
a type of language where the majority of words are composed of a single syllable
monosyllabický jazyk, jednoslabičný jazyk
a type of language in which grammatical relationships, such as tense, number, or case, are not explicitly indicated by the use of morphological markers or inflections
jazyk s nulovým značením, jazyk bez morfologických značek
a group of languages that are believed to have descended from a common ancestral language
jazyková rodina, skupina jazyků
the process of analyzing and contrasting linguistic elements across different languages to identify similarities and differences
mezijazykové srovnání, komparativní analýza jazyků
the systematic association or correspondence between linguistic units, such as sounds, words, or grammatical structures, within a language or across languages
zarovnání, soulad
a grammatical system where the subject of an intransitive verb (absolutive) is treated differently from the subject of a transitive verb (ergative), often found in languages that exhibit ergativity
ergativně-absolutivní alineace, ergativně-absolutivní systém
a grammatical system where the subject of an intransitive verb (nominative) is treated similarly to the subject of a transitive verb (nominative), while the object of a transitive verb (accusative) is marked differently, commonly found in languages that exhibit accusativity
nominativně-akkuzativní struktura, nominativně-akkuzativní systém
a grammatical system where verbs in a language are marked or behave differently based on whether the subject is considered volitional or agentive (active) or non-volitional or experiencer-like (stative), often found in languages that exhibit such semantic distinctions
aktivně-stativní alignment, systém aktivně-stativního vyrovnání
the typological pattern of grammatical alignment found in languages belonging to the Austronesian language family
austronéská alignace, austronéský typ
the way in which grammatical markers and morphological processes interact with the syntax of a language to determine the alignment pattern between arguments and verb forms
morfosyntaktické zarovnání, morfosyntaktická struktura
a grammatical system in which the arguments of a verb are marked differently based on their grammatical role
třístranné zarovnání, tripartitní zarovnání
a phenomenon in which a language exhibits a mixed pattern of ergative-absolutive alignment in some grammatical contexts and nominative-accusative alignment in others
rozdělená ergativita, částečná ergativita
a grammatical system where the subject of an intransitive verb (nominative) is treated similarly to the subject of a transitive verb (nominative), while the object of a transitive verb (absolutive) is marked differently
nominative-absolutive uspořádání, nominativně-absolutivní systém
a type of grammatical system in which verbs are marked to indicate the semantic role relationships between the subject and object(s) of a sentence
přímě-inverzní jazyk, inverzní přímý systém
a type of language that exhibits a particular alignment pattern in the marking of the object of a transitive verb
sekundativní jazyk
a type of language where grammatical relationships between words are primarily marked on the dependent or non-head elements of a construction, rather than on the head or main element
jazyk s dependencí, jazyk s označováním závislým
a type of language where grammatical relationships between words are primarily marked on the head or main elements of a construction, rather than on the dependents
hlavově značený jazyk, jazyk s hlavovým značením
a type of language where the subject of a sentence can be omitted or left unexpressed when it can be inferred from the context
jazyk s nulovým podmětem, jazyk s vynechaným podmětem
a type of language in which words are constructed by combining multiple morphemes to express complex meanings
polysyntetický jazyk, jazyk s polysyntetickou strukturou
a type of word or linguistic form found in certain languages that vividly describes sensory perceptions or states, often related to sound, movement, color, or other sensory experiences
ideofon, slovo ideofon