Ngôn Ngữ Học - Linguistic Typology

a type of language that primarily relies on word order and function words to convey grammatical relationships, rather than inflections or word endings

ngôn ngữ phân tích, ngôn ngữ phân tích học

a classification system used in linguistics to categorize languages based on their patterns of word formation and the ways in which they use affixes, inflections, and other morphological processes

phân loại hình thái, phân loại ngữ âm

a type of language where words are formed by adding prefixes or suffixes to a base root, with each affix having a clear and consistent grammatical meaning

ngôn ngữ gắn kết, ngôn ngữ dính liền

a type of language where words undergo internal changes, such as vowel changes or consonant modifications, to indicate grammatical relationships, such as tense, number, and case

ngôn ngữ hợp nhất, ngôn ngữ liên hợp

a type of language where the majority of words are composed of a single syllable

ngôn ngữ đơn âm tiết, ngôn ngữ một âm tiết

a type of language in which grammatical relationships, such as tense, number, or case, are not explicitly indicated by the use of morphological markers or inflections

ngôn ngữ không đánh dấu, ngôn ngữ không có dấu hiệu hình thái

a group of languages that are believed to have descended from a common ancestral language

họ ngôn ngữ, nhóm ngôn ngữ

the process of analyzing and contrasting linguistic elements across different languages to identify similarities and differences

so sánh ngôn ngữ, phân tích so sánh ngôn ngữ

the systematic association or correspondence between linguistic units, such as sounds, words, or grammatical structures, within a language or across languages

căn chỉnh, tương ứng

a grammatical system where the subject of an intransitive verb (absolutive) is treated differently from the subject of a transitive verb (ergative), often found in languages that exhibit ergativity

cấu trúc ergative-absolutive, hệ thống ergative-absolutive

a grammatical system where the subject of an intransitive verb (nominative) is treated similarly to the subject of a transitive verb (nominative), while the object of a transitive verb (accusative) is marked differently, commonly found in languages that exhibit accusativity

cấu trúc nominative-accusative, hệ thống nominative-accusative

a grammatical system where verbs in a language are marked or behave differently based on whether the subject is considered volitional or agentive (active) or non-volitional or experiencer-like (stative), often found in languages that exhibit such semantic distinctions

căn chỉnh tích cực-tĩnh, hệ thống căn chỉnh tích cực-tĩnh

the typological pattern of grammatical alignment found in languages belonging to the Austronesian language family

sự sắp xếp austronesian, cấu trúc austronesian

the way in which grammatical markers and morphological processes interact with the syntax of a language to determine the alignment pattern between arguments and verb forms

sự phối hợp hình thái cú pháp, điều chỉnh hình thái cú pháp

a grammatical system in which the arguments of a verb are marked differently based on their grammatical role

căn chỉnh ba bên, căn chỉnh ba phần

a phenomenon in which a language exhibits a mixed pattern of ergative-absolutive alignment in some grammatical contexts and nominative-accusative alignment in others

ergativity phân tách, ergativity một phần

a grammatical system where the subject of an intransitive verb (nominative) is treated similarly to the subject of a transitive verb (nominative), while the object of a transitive verb (absolutive) is marked differently

cấu trúc nominative-absolutive, hệ thống nominative-absolutive

a type of grammatical system in which verbs are marked to indicate the semantic role relationships between the subject and object(s) of a sentence

ngôn ngữ đối xứng trực tiếp, hệ thống ngữ pháp ngược trực tiếp

a type of language that exhibits a particular alignment pattern in the marking of the object of a transitive verb

ngôn ngữ phụ

a type of language where grammatical relationships between words are primarily marked on the dependent or non-head elements of a construction, rather than on the head or main element

ngôn ngữ đánh dấu phụ thuộc, ngôn ngữ đánh dấu dựa

a type of language where grammatical relationships between words are primarily marked on the head or main elements of a construction, rather than on the dependents

ngôn ngữ đánh dấu đầu, ngôn ngữ gắn nhãn đầu

a type of language where the subject of a sentence can be omitted or left unexpressed when it can be inferred from the context

ngôn ngữ không chủ ngữ, ngôn ngữ chủ ngữ ẩn

a type of language in which words are constructed by combining multiple morphemes to express complex meanings

ngôn ngữ đa hình thái, ngôn ngữ polysynthetic

a type of word or linguistic form found in certain languages that vividly describes sensory perceptions or states, often related to sound, movement, color, or other sensory experiences

điều từ, từ điều