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Cambridge English: CAE (C1 Advanced) - General Health & Medical Systems

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Cambridge English: CAE (C1 Advanced)
blood type

any of the types into which human blood is divided

Ex: Knowing your blood type is important for medical emergencies and transfusions. 
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informed consent

permission given by a patient to receive a particular treatment, informed of all the possible consequences and risks

Ex: Before undergoing surgery, the patient signed a form indicating their informed consent after the surgeon explained the risks and benefits. 
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placebo
placebo
[noun]

a medicine without any physiological effect that is given to a control group in an experiment to measure the effectiveness of a new drug or to patients who think they need medicine when in reality they do not

Ex: In the clinical trial, half of the participants received the experimental drug while the other half received a placebo. 
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specimen
specimen
[noun]

a small amount of something such as urine, blood, etc. that is taken for examination

Ex: The nurse collected a urine specimen from the patient for laboratory analysis. 
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physician
physician
[noun]

a medical doctor who specializes in general medicine, not in surgery

Ex: The physician examined the patient thoroughly before making a diagnosis. 
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caregiver
caregiver
[noun]

someone who looks after a child or an old, sick, or disabled person at home

Ex: She quit her job to become a full-time caregiver for her elderly mother. 
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pharmaceutical
pharmaceutical
[Adjective]

related to the production, use, or sale of medicines

Ex: The pharmaceutical company developed a new medicine for treating allergies. 
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hygiene
hygiene
[noun]

the steps one takes to promote health and avoid disease, particularly by cleaning things or being clean

Ex: Good personal hygiene includes regular handwashing with soap and water. 
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to glow
to glow
[Verb]

(of a person's face) to look lively and healthy, specifically as a result of training and exercising

Ex: After months of regular workouts, her face began to glow with a newfound vitality and strength. 
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blues
blues
[noun]

a feeling of sadness or depression, often mild and temporary

Ex: She had the blues after the holidays ended. 
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sighted
sighted
[Adjective]

capable of seeing unlike a blind person

Ex: The eagle-eyed scout sighted movement in the distance and alerted the team. 
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paramedic
paramedic
[noun]

a trained individual who provides emergency medical care to people before taking them to the hospital

Ex: The paramedic arrived at the accident scene and immediately began assessing the injured. 
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inmate
inmate
[noun]

a person residing in a hospital, clinic, or other institutional medical facility while receiving care, especially one confined for psychiatric treatment or long‑term inpatient care

Ex: The ward assigned each inmate a nurse who checked vital signs every four hours. 
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unhygienic
unhygienic
[Adjective]

not clean enough to be safe or healthy

Ex: The kitchen was unhygienic and filled with trash. 
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prone
prone
[Adjective]

having a tendency or inclination toward something

Ex: He is prone to making impulsive decisions. 
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immune system

a protective system in the body that defends it against diseases and harmful substances

Ex: The immune system is the body's defense mechanism against pathogens and foreign substances, comprised of various cells, tissues, and organs. 
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stimulus
stimulus
[noun]

something that triggers a reaction in various areas like psychology or physiology

Ex: In a lab experiment, the researchers applied a visual stimulus to study participants to observe and measure their neurological responses. 
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sanitary
sanitary
[Adjective]

clean and free from germs or contaminants

Ex: He always washes his hands thoroughly to ensure they are sanitary before handling food. 
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