剑桥英语：CAE（C1高级） - 一般健康与医疗系统

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blood type

[名词]

any of the types into which human blood is divided

血型, 血液类型

Ex: A child 's blood type is determined by the combination of their parents ' blood types, following specific genetic rules .孩子的**血型**是由父母血型的组合决定的，遵循特定的遗传规则。

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informed consent

[名词]

permission given by a patient to receive a particular treatment, informed of all the possible consequences and risks

知情同意, 告知后同意

Ex: Informed consent is a fundamental principle in medical ethics , ensuring patients have sufficient information to make informed decisions about their healthcare .**知情同意**是医学伦理的基本原则，确保患者有足够的信息来对自己的医疗保健做出知情的决定。

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placebo

[名词]

a medicine without any physiological effect that is given to a control group in an experiment to measure the effectiveness of a new drug or to patients who think they need medicine when in reality they do not

安慰剂, 安慰剂药物

Ex: Placebo-controlled studies help researchers determine if the observed effects of a new treatment are due to the medication's pharmacological properties or psychological factors.**安慰剂**对照研究帮助研究人员确定新治疗观察到的效果是由于药物的药理特性还是心理因素。

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specimen

[名词]

a small amount of something such as urine, blood, etc. that is taken for examination

样本, 标本

Ex: A blood specimen was sent to the laboratory for testing to determine the patient 's cholesterol levels .一份血液**样本**被送到实验室进行检测，以确定患者的胆固醇水平。

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physician

[名词]

a medical doctor who specializes in general medicine, not in surgery

医生, 医学博士

Ex: The physician's bedside manner and communication skills are crucial in building trust with patients .**医生**的 bedside manner 和沟通技巧对于与患者建立信任至关重要。

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caregiver

[名词]

someone who looks after a child or an old, sick, or disabled person at home

照顾者, 看护人

Ex: The support group offers resources and advice for caregivers of individuals with Alzheimer 's disease .支持小组为阿尔茨海默病患者的**护理人员**提供资源和建议。

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pharmaceutical

[形容词]

related to the production, use, or sale of medicines

制药的, 医药的

Ex: Doctors often rely on pharmaceutical interventions to manage various medical conditions .医生经常依赖**药物**干预来管理各种医疗状况。

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hygiene

[名词]

the steps one takes to promote health and avoid disease, particularly by cleaning things or being clean

卫生

Ex: Proper hygiene practices , such as covering your mouth when coughing , can help reduce the transmission of illnesses .适当的**卫生**习惯，例如咳嗽时捂住嘴，可以帮助减少疾病的传播。

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to glow

[动词]

(of a person's face) to look lively and healthy, specifically as a result of training and exercising

发光, 容光焕发

Ex: Even during the toughest boot camp sessions , her face glowed with determination and focus .即使在最艰苦的新兵训练营训练中，她的脸上也**闪耀**着决心和专注。

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blues

[名词]

a feeling of sadness or depression, often mild and temporary

忧郁, 悲伤

Ex: A case of the Monday blues made it hard to get out of bed .一个周一的**忧郁**案例让人难以起床。

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sighted

[形容词]

capable of seeing unlike a blind person

有视力的, 能看见的

Ex: The lookout sighted enemy ships approaching the harbor and raised the alarm.瞭望员**看见**敌舰接近港口并拉响了警报。

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paramedic

[名词]

a trained individual who provides emergency medical care to people before taking them to the hospital

护理人员, 急救医疗技术员

Ex: The ambulance crew includes paramedics who are trained to handle a wide range of medical emergencies .救护车工作人员包括受过培训以处理各种医疗紧急情况的**护理人员**。

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inmate

[名词]

a person residing in a hospital, clinic, or other institutional medical facility while receiving care, especially one confined for psychiatric treatment or long‑term inpatient care

住院患者, 医疗机构的住院者

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unhygienic

[形容词]

not clean enough to be safe or healthy

不卫生的, 不干净的

Ex: Throwing waste on the street is unhygienic.在街上扔垃圾是**不卫生的**。

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prone

[形容词]

having a tendency or inclination toward something

易于, 倾向于

Ex: Without regular maintenance , old cars are prone to mechanical failures .没有定期维护，旧车**容易**发生机械故障。

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immune system

[名词]

a protective system in the body that defends it against diseases and harmful substances

免疫系统

Ex: The lymphatic system , a key component of the immune system, helps circulate immune cells and remove waste and toxins from the body .淋巴系统是**免疫系统**的关键组成部分，有助于循环免疫细胞并清除体内的废物和毒素。

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stimulus

[名词]

something that triggers a reaction in various areas like psychology or physiology

刺激, 刺激物

Ex: Teachers often use interactive and engaging stimuli, like educational games or hands-on activities , to stimulate interest and enhance the learning experience in the classroom .教师经常使用互动和吸引人的**刺激物**，如教育游戏或实践活动，以激发兴趣并增强课堂学习体验。

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sanitary

[形容词]

clean and free from germs or contaminants

卫生的, 清洁的

Ex: The food packaging was sealed and labeled to ensure sanitary conditions during transportation.食品包装被密封并贴标，以确保运输过程中的**卫生**条件。

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剑桥英语：CAE（C1高级）

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