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SAT Math and Logic - Certainty and Uncertainty

Here you will learn some English words related to certainty and uncertainty, such as "surmise", "hunch", "evident", etc. that you will need to ace your SATs.

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SAT Vocabulary for Math and Logic
assurance
assurance
[noun]

confidence in one's own abilities, judgment, or actions

Ex: Emma answered the interview questions with calm assurance. 
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definite
definite
[Adjective]

certainly happening and unlikely to change

Ex: Their wedding plans are now definite as they have set the date and venue, sending out save-the-date cards. 
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inarguable
inarguable
[Adjective]

beyond debate or argument

Ex: The inarguable truth of his statement silenced all objections. 
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undeniable
undeniable
[Adjective]

clearly true and therefore impossible to deny or question

Ex: The impact of climate change on the environment is undeniable, as evidenced by rising temperatures and melting ice caps. 
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conclusive
conclusive
[Adjective]

providing clear and final evidence or proof, leaving no doubt or uncertainty

Ex: The DNA evidence provided conclusive proof of the suspect's guilt. 
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infallible
infallible
[Adjective]

incapable of making mistakes or being wrong

Ex: His infallible memory made him a valuable asset to the team. 
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unequivocal
unequivocal
[Adjective]

expressing one's ideas and opinions so clearly that it leaves no room for doubt

Ex: Her unequivocal support for the policy was evident in her speech. 
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definitive
definitive
[Adjective]

settling an issue authoritatively and leaving no room for further doubt or debate

Ex: The Supreme Court ruling established definitive legal criteria for determining separation of church and state issues going forward. 
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undeniable
undeniable
[Adjective]

clearly true and therefore impossible to deny or question

Ex: The impact of climate change on the environment is undeniable, as evidenced by rising temperatures and melting ice caps. 
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evident
evident
[Adjective]

easily perceived by the mind or senses

Ex: His frustration was evident in his tone of voice and body language. 
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indisputable
indisputable
[Adjective]

fully established or proven beyond any doubt

Ex: The video evidence presented in court was indisputable, clearly showing the defendant committing the crime. 
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to ensure
to ensure
[Verb]

to make sure that something will happen

Ex: She ensures the quality of the products before they are shipped. 
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to ascertain

to determine something with certainty by careful examination or investigation

Ex: The detective ascertained the identity of the culprit through fingerprint analysis. 
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undoubtedly
undoubtedly
[Adverb]

used to say that there is no doubt something is true or is the case

Ex: She is undoubtedly the best candidate for the job, given her experience and skills. 
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absolutely
absolutely
[Adverb]

used for strong emphasis or exaggeration

Ex: I absolutely love this song. 
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likelihood

the chance or probability that something will happen or be true

Ex: There is a strong likelihood that the storm will reach the coast tonight. 
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uncertainty

the condition of being unknown, unpredictable, or not definitely settled

Ex: The economic uncertainty has made companies reluctant to invest. 
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hunch
hunch
[noun]

a feeling or intuition about something, often without conscious reasoning or evidence

Ex: I had a hunch that it was going to rain, so I brought an umbrella just in case. 
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prospect
prospect
[noun]

the likelihood or possibility of something becoming successful in the future

Ex: The job offer came with excellent career prospects for advancement. 
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scenario
scenario
[noun]

a hypothetical sequence of events or a plausible situation that could unfold

Ex: The military strategists developed various scenarios to anticipate enemy movements. 
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suspicion
suspicion
[noun]

a feeling or belief that something may be true, especially something wrong or undesirable, without definite proof

Ex: I had a suspicion that someone had entered the room. 
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hearsay
hearsay
[noun]

unverified talk or rumor circulated informally

Ex: Most of the story was hearsay, not fact. 
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reservation

a doubt or concern that prevents complete agreement, approval, or acceptance

Ex: I have serious reservations about the proposed changes. 
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conjecture

an idea that is based on guesswork and not facts

Ex: The detective's conjecture about the suspect's motives proved to be incorrect. 
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tentative
tentative
[Adjective]

hesitant, timid, and not having enough confidence

Ex: She gave a tentative smile, unsure if she was saying the right thing. 
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dubious
dubious
[Adjective]

(of a person) unsure or hesitant about the credibility or goodness of something

Ex: The online reviews of the restaurant were mixed, leaving us dubious about whether to dine there. 
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skeptical
skeptical
[Adjective]

having doubts about something's truth, validity, or reliability

Ex: Despite the promising claims, Lisa remained skeptical about the new diet's effectiveness. 
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alleged
alleged
[Adjective]

asserted or claimed to be true, but not yet proven

Ex: He was questioned about his role in the alleged conspiracy. 
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questionable
questionable
[Adjective]

doubtful or uncertain in terms of quality, reliability, or legitimacy

Ex: The decision to proceed with the project was questionable, given the lack of funding. 
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inconclusive
inconclusive
[Adjective]

not producing a clear result or decision

Ex: The medical tests were inconclusive, so further examination is needed to determine the cause of the symptoms. 
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plausible
plausible
[Adjective]

seeming believable or reasonable enough to be considered true

Ex: The detective found his alibi to be plausible, as several witnesses corroborated his story. 
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hesitant
hesitant
[Adjective]

uncertain or reluctant to act or speak, often due to doubt or indecision

Ex: The hesitant student stood at the front of the class, unsure whether to ask a question. 
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putative
putative
[Adjective]

considered true and accepted by all but not known for a fact

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unpredictable
unpredictable
[Adjective]

unable to be predicted because of changing many times

Ex: The weather in this region is highly unpredictable, with sudden changes in temperature and frequent storms. 
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prospective
prospective
[Adjective]

expected or likely to become, be, or do something in the future

Ex: The company invited several prospective employees to tour the office. 
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potential
potential
[Adjective]

having the possibility to develop or be developed into something particular in the future

Ex: She saw potential issues with the project and addressed them early on. 
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to speculate

to form a theory or opinion about a subject without knowing all the facts

Ex: Observing the unusual behavior, scientists began to speculate about the potential causes of the phenomenon. 
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to hypothesize

to propose a theory or explanation based on limited evidence

Ex: Before conducting the experiment, scientists need to hypothesize about the expected outcomes based on existing knowledge. 
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to theorize

to express various scenarios about something without necessarily basing it on evidence or facts

Ex: We spent the afternoon theorizing about what aliens might look like and how they would communicate. 
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to surmise

to come to a conclusion without enough evidence

Ex: Unable to find the missing document, he could only surmise that it might have been misplaced. 
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supposedly
supposedly
[Adverb]

used to suggest that something is assumed to be true, often with a hint of doubt

Ex: She was supposedly the last person to leave the building, according to eyewitnesses. 
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