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Cambridge IELTS 19 - Academic - Test 4 - Reading - Passage 2 (2)

Here you can find the vocabulary from Test 4 - Reading - Passage 2 (2) in the Cambridge IELTS 19 - Academic coursebook, to help you prepare for your IELTS exam.

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Cambridge IELTS 19 - Academic
to convert

to change the form, purpose, character, etc. of something

Ex: She decided to convert the spare room into a home office for remote work. 
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machinery
machinery
[noun]

machines, especially large ones, considered collectively

Ex: The factory was filled with heavy machinery, each performing a specific function in the production line. 
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terrestrial
terrestrial
[Adjective]

related to or living on land, rather than in the sea or air

Ex: The exploration team is studying both marine and terrestrial ecosystems on the island. 
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to excavate

to uncover or expose by digging, especially to reveal buried artifacts, structures, or remains

Ex: Paleontologists excavated a dinosaur fossil, carefully removing layers of sediment to reveal the skeleton. 
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depth
depth
[noun]

the distance below the top surface of something

Ex: The depth of the ocean is immeasurable in some areas. 
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to draw
to draw
[Verb]

to bring or gather fluids, such as blood or pus, to a specific area or point in the body

Ex: Certain herbal remedies are believed to have properties that can draw toxins out of the body. 
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seawater
seawater
[noun]

water containing salts

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slurry
slurry
[noun]

a mixture consisting of a liquid and solid particles suspended within it

Ex: The cement truck carried a slurry of water and cement to the construction site. 
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solid
solid
[Adjective]

firm and stable in form, not like a gas or liquid

Ex: The ice had formed into a solid block after being left in the freezer overnight. 
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particle
particle
[noun]

a tiny, discrete unit of matter or substance that can range from subatomic particles like electrons and protons to larger particles like dust or sand grains

Ex: Scientists study the behavior of particles in particle physics to understand the fundamental forces of nature. 
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surface
surface
[noun]

the outermost level of the land or sea

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to transfer

to make a person or thing move from a place, situation, or person to another

Ex: The professor decided to transfer the student to a more advanced class. 
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vessel
vessel
[noun]

any vehicle designed for travel across or through water

Ex: The cargo vessel sailed into the harbor, carrying goods from overseas. 
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shipping
shipping
[noun]

the act of transporting goods, particularly by sea

Ex: The shipping of goods from Asia to Europe has become more efficient with advancements in maritime technology. 
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to extract

to obtain or isolate a specific substance or component by distillation or other methods of separation

Ex: The distiller used a specialized apparatus to extract the pure essential oil from the flowers. 
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to pump
to pump
[Verb]

to make gas or liquid move in a certain direction using a mechanical action

Ex: He had to pump air into the bicycle tires to ensure a smooth ride. 
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to discharge

to give off or release a substance like gas or liquid

Ex: The factory was fined for discharging pollutants into the river, causing environmental damage. 
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caution
caution
[noun]

the quality of being careful and attentive to possible danger or risk

Ex: Her natural caution kept her from slipping on the icy sidewalk. 
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potentially
potentially
[Adverb]

in a manner expressing the capability or likelihood of something happening or developing in the future

Ex: The new investment could potentially bring significant returns. 
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massive
massive
[Adjective]

exceptionally large or extensive in scope, degree, or impact

Ex: The company’s restructuring plan had a massive effect on its global operations. 
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ramification

an unexpected event that makes a situation more complex

Ex: Changing the schedule had unforeseen ramifications, causing confusion among team members. 
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nearby
nearby
[Adjective]

located close to a particular place or within a short distance

Ex: There are several nearby restaurants where we can grab dinner. 
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global
global
[Adjective]

regarding or affecting the entire world

Ex: The pandemic has had a global impact on public health, economies, and daily life. 
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regulatory
regulatory
[Adjective]

creating and enforcing rules or regulations to control or govern a particular activity or industry

Ex: Compliance with regulatory requirements is essential for businesses operating in the financial sector. 
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framework
framework
[noun]

a structure or model guiding organization or development, often with rules or principles

Ex: The legal framework outlines the rules and regulations governing business operations. 
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to draft
to draft
[Verb]

to write something for the first time that needs corrections for the final presentation

Ex: The author spent hours drafting the opening chapter of his novel, knowing that revisions would follow. 
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despite
despite
[preposition]

used to show that something happened or is true, even though there was a difficulty or obstacle that might have prevented it

Ex: The business thrived despite the economic downturn. 
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to take up

to occupy a particular amount of space or time

Ex: The large sofa took up most of the room. 
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newly
newly
[Adverb]

at or during a time that is recent

Ex: She has newly joined the company and is eager to contribute. 
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abyss
abyss
[noun]

a very deep or seemingly bottomless hole or gorge in the earth or sea

Ex: The explorers lowered their equipment into the dark abyss beneath the cave entrance. 
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to contain

to have or hold something within or include something as a part of a larger entity or space

Ex: The box regularly contains various items like books and documents. 
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nickel
nickel
[noun]

a hard, silvery, malleable, and corrosion-resistant metallic element used in alloys and plating

Ex: The coin is made primarily of nickel and copper. 
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cobalt
cobalt
[noun]

a chemical element with a shiny, silvery-blue appearance, often used in the production of batteries and other metals and

Ex: Artists employ cobalt pigments for vivid blue and green tones in paints. 
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reserve
reserve
[noun]

something kept back or saved for future use or a special purpose

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corporation

a company or group of people that are considered as a single unit by law

Ex: The corporation expanded its operations into international markets last year. 
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to diversify

to change something in order to add variety to it

Ex: The university is working to diversify its faculty to create a more inclusive academic environment. 
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to point to

‌to suggest that something is true or is the case

Ex: The sudden decline in sales points to a decrease in consumer interest. 
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demand
demand
[noun]

costumer's need or desire for specific goods or services

Ex: The demand for electric vehicles has been steadily increasing as consumers seek more sustainable transportation options. 
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copper
copper
[noun]

a metallic chemical element that has a red-brown color, primarily used as a conductor in wiring

Ex: Copper is valued for its high electrical conductivity, which makes it ideal for wiring in electrical systems. 
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aluminum
aluminum
[noun]

a light silver-gray metal used primarily for making cooking equipment and aircraft parts

Ex: The new set of aluminum cookware is both lightweight and highly resistant to corrosion, making it perfect for the kitchen. 
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to power
to power
[Verb]

to supply with the needed energy to make something work

Ex: Solar panels are used to power many homes in the neighborhood, reducing reliance on fossil fuels. 
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soaring
soaring
[Adjective]

ascending to a level markedly higher than the usual

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to yield
to yield
[Verb]

(of a farm or an industry) to grow or produce a crop or product

Ex: The apple orchard typically yields a bountiful harvest each year. 
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far
far
[Adverb]

to a large degree

Ex: She was far more talented than her peers. 
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superior
superior
[Adjective]

surpassing others in terms of overall goodness or excellence

Ex: The superior craftsmanship of the handmade furniture set it apart from mass-produced alternatives. 
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ore
ore
[noun]

a rock that contains valuable mineral or metal

Ex: The mine produces iron ore for steel manufacturing. 
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waste
waste
[noun]

materials that have no use and are unwanted

Ex: Recycling helps to reduce the amount of waste sent to landfills by reusing materials such as paper, glass, and plastic. 
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extraction

the process of obtaining something from a mixture or compound by chemical or physical or mechanical means

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to employ
to employ
[Verb]

to make use of something for a particular purpose

Ex: The teacher employed visual aids to make the lesson more engaging. 
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to dewater

to remove water from something like sediment, waste, or other materials

Ex: The workers dewater the construction site before building. 
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